SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED:
+ = poetic or archaic word (e.g. +él "star", elen being the ordinary word) or a poetic or archaic meaning of an ordinary word (e.g. russë "corruscation, + swordblade"),
* = unattested form,
** = wrong form,
# = word that is only attested in a compound or in an inflected form (e.g. #apa, #Apanóna; see AFTER below),
TLT = Tolkien's lifetime (by some called "Real Time", as opposed to:)
MET = Middle-Earth Time (or rather Arda Time, since Quenya originated in the Blessed Realm),
LotR = The Lord of the Rings (Harper Collins Publishers, one-volume edition of 1991),
Silm = The Silmarillion (Harper Collins Publishers 1994),
MC = The Monsters and the Critics and other Essays,
MR = Morgoth's Ring,
LR = The Lost Road,
Etym = The Etymologies (in LR:347-400),
FS = Fíriel's Song (in LR:72),
RGEO = The Road Goes Ever On (Second Edition),
WJ = The War of the Jewels,
PM = The Peoples of Middle-earth,
Letters = The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien,
LT1 = The Book of Lost Tales 1,
LT2 = The Book of Lost Tales 2,
Nam = Namárië (in LotR:398),
Arct = "Arctic" sentence (in The Father Christmas Letters),
GL = Gnomish Lexicon (in Parma Eldalamberon #11 - references are selective),
vb = verb,
adj = adjective,
interj = interjection,
pa.t. = past tense,
fut = future tense,
perf = perfect tense,
freq = frequentative form,
inf = infinitive,
gen = genitive,
pl = plural form,
sg = singular form.
The spelling used in this wordlist is regularized (c for k except in a few names, x for ks, long vowels marked with accents rather than macrons or circumflexes; the diaeresis is used as in LotR). When s in a word represents earlier ß (th as in "thing") and it should be spelt with the letter súlë instead of silmë in Tengwar writing (though Tolkien himself sometimes ignored or forgot this), this is indicated by (ß) immediately following the word in question (e.g. sanda (ß), sanya- (ß); see ABIDE, ABIDING below)

<A>

A, AN (indefinite article) - no Quenya equivalent. Elen "star" may thus also be translated "a star" (LotR:94). The absence of the definite article i "the" usually indicates that the noun is indefinite (though there are exceptions - see THE).

ABANDON hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, exclude, forsake) -WJ:365

ABHOR feuya-; THE ABHORRED Sauron (ß) -PHEW, Silm:418

ABIDE mar- (be settled of fixed) (fut. #maruva is attested: maruvan "I will abide"); ABIDE BY himya- (cleave to, stick to); ABIDING sanda (ß) (firm, true); LAW-ABIDING sanya (ß) (regular, normal) -UT:317/LotR:1003, KHIM, STAN

ABUNDANCE úvë; ABUNDANT úvëa (in a very great number), alya (rich, blessed, prosperous) -UB, GALA

ABYSS undumë -MC:222 cf. 215

ACCOUNT (noun) quentalë (history), lúmequenta (chronological account, history) -KWET, LU

ACROSS arta (athwart) (Note: arta also means "fort, fortress") -LT2:335

ACTOR tyaro (agent, doer) -KYA

ACTUAL anwa (real, true) -ANA

ACUTE tereva (fine, piercing); ACUTE, ACUTENESS laicë (keen, sharp, *piercing) (Laicë prob. obsoletes laica in LT2:337) -TER, LAIK

ADHERING himba (sticking) -KHIM

ADMIRAL ciryatur (only attested as the personal name Ciryatur of an admiral, but the word means *"ship-ruler") -UT:239

ADULT (adj) vëa (manly, vigorous); ADULT MAN vëaner; ADULT MALE nér (pl neri) (man) -WEG, DER

ADÛNAKHOR Herunúmen -UT:222, Silm:322

AEGNOR Aicanáro (so in Silm:435 and PM:345; MR:323 has Aicanár) (Sharp Flame, Fell Fire)

AFTER #apa (only attested in compounds like Apanónar, see below), #ep- (used in compounds when the second part of the compound begins with a vowel, only attested in epessë "after-name" - see NICKNAME.) THE AFTER-BORN Apanónar (sg #Apanóna) (i.e., an Elvish name of Men, according to WJ:387 "a word of lore, not used in daily speech") -Silm:122/WJ:387, UT:266

AGAIN ata; AGAIN (prefix) en-, (prefix) at-, ata- (back-, re-) (AT[AT])

AGE randa (cycle) -RAD

AGENT tyaro (actor, doer) -KAR

AGILE tyelca (swift) -KYELEK

AGO yá -YA< DD> AGONY qualmë (death), unqualë (death) -KWAL

AH (interj.) ai (alas) Ai! laurië lantar lassi Ah! golden fall the leaves (Nam)

AIR vista (= air as substance); lindë (tune, song, singing); vilya older [MET] wilya (sky); vilma (lower air) (perhaps changed to vista, but vilma was not struck out in Etym); PUFF OF AIR hwesta (breeze, breath); UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë (skies), AIRY vilin (breezy) -WIS, LIN, WIL/LT1:273, SWES/LotR:1157, MC:223, LT1:273

ALAS (interj.) ai (ah) (Etym also gives a word nai, but this clashes with nai "be it that" in Namárië.) -Nam/RGEO:66, NAY

ALIVE cuina; BEING ALIVE (noun not adj) cuilë (life) (LT1:257 gives coina, coirëa.) -KUY

ALL ilya (the whole) (Note: ilya becomes ilyë before a plural noun: ilyë tier "all paths"); ALLNESS, THE ALL ilúvë (the whole), ALL THAT IS WANTED fárë (plenitude, sufficiency) -IL, Nam cf. RGEO:67, Silm:433/WJ:402, PHAR

ALLOW lav- (yield, grant); NOT ALLOW TO CONTINUE nuhta- (stunt, prevent from coming to completion, stop short) -DAB, WJ:413

ALONE er (one, alone, only, but, still), eressë (singly, only, also as noun: solitude) -ERE, LT1:269

ALPHABET tengwanda -TEK

ALTOGETHER aqua (fully, completely, wholly) -WJ:392

*AMANIAN (only translated "of Aman" by Tolkien) amanya. Cf. also Úmanyar, Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those not of Aman" (the Elves who started on the march from Cuiviénen but did not reach Aman; contrast the Avamanyar, another name of the Avari.) -WJ:411, 373, 370, MR:163

AMLOTH *Ambalotsë (Tolkien asterisked the word because it was not attested, only a possible Quenya form of Amloth. See "UPRISING-FLOWER".) -WJ:318

AMRAS Telufinwë (meaning "Last Finwë", not the equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name. The short form of his name was Telvo *"Last One". His mother-name [q.v.] was Ambarussa, but this name was not used in narrative.) -PM:353

AMROD Pityafinwë (meaning "Little Finwë", not the equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name. The short form of his name was Pityo *"Little One". His mother-name [q.v.] was Ambarto, or Umbarto, but these names were not used in narrative.) -PM:353

AN see A

ANCIENT yára (belonging to or descending from former times) -YA

AND ar (possibly a before f [and v?]: eldain a fírimoin "for elves and men" [FS], cf. a valmarion "and of those of Valmar" [from "Antatye Voronwi" by C. Gilson, Vinyar Tengwar #31 p. 10]) (In Sauron Defeated p. ii, o is translated "and", but LotR, Silm and Etym all agree that the Quenya word for "and" is ar.) AND YET a-nanta/ananta (but yet) -AR/Nam/FS, NDAN

ANGBAND Angamando (Iron-gaol) (so in MR:350 and Silm:428; Etym has Angamanda) -MR:350, Silm:428, MBAD

ANGELIC POWER Vala (pl. Valar or Vali, gen. pl. Valion is attested in Fíriel's Song); ANGELIC SPIRIT Ainu, f. Aini (holy one, god) -LotR:1157/BAL/FS, AYAN, LT1:248

ANGELN (island in the Danish peninsula) Eriollo -LT1:252

ANGROD Angaráto -Silm:428

ANIMAL #kelva (only pl. kelvar is attested, translated "animals, living things that move" in Silm appendix and WJ:341); laman (pl. lamni or lamani) ("usually only applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles and birds"); MALE ANIMAL hanu (male) -Silm:52/53,/405:3AN, WJ:416

ANYBODY - if anybody: aiquen (whoever) -WJ:372

APRIL Víressë -LotR:1144/1146

AR-ADÛNAKHOR Tar-Herun&u acute;men -UT:222, Silm:322

AR-BELZAGAR Tar-Calmacil -UT:222

AR-GIMILZÔR Tar-Telemnar -UT:223

AR-INZILADÛN Tar-Palantir -UT:223, Silm:324

AR-PHARAZÔN Tar-Calion -UT:224, Silm:324

AR-SAKALTHÔR Tar-Falassion -UT:223

AR-ZIMRAPHEL Tar-Míriel -UT:224, Silm:324

AR-ZIMRATHÔN Tar-Hostamir -UT:222

ARCTURUS (a star) Morwinyon (said to mean "the glint at dusk" or "glint in the dark") -LT1:260

ARE see BE

ARGON Aracáno -PM:345

ARM ranco (pl ranqui) (LT2:335 gives rá [there spelt râ], but this word is certainly obsolete: In Etym, rá is glossed "lion".) -RAK

ARMY hossë (band, troop) -LT2:340

ARNOR Arnanor, Arnanórë ("royal land") -Letters:428

ARROW pilin (pl pilindi) -PÍLIM

ART Carmë (making, production) -UT:396

ARTIFICIAL CAVE hróta (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall) -PM:365

AS (prep) ve (like) -Nam/RGEO:66, 67

ASCENT rosta, ASCENSION orosta -LT1:267, 256

ASGARD Valinor, Valinórë (Tolkien actually uses this gloss of Valinor, as Asgard is the City of the Gods in Norse mythology) -LT1:272

ASIDE - stand aside! heca! - also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you stay aside!" (be gone!) LEAVING ASIDE hequa (not counting, excluding, except) -WJ:364, 365

*ASK #maquet- (only pa.t. maquentë is attested. The word is not translated, but undoubtedly means "asked": 'Mana i-coimas in-Eldaron?' maquentë Elendil [PM:403]. The question itself is translated "What is the coimas of the Eldar?", so the rest must be "Elendil asked". Furthermore, maquentë is transparently quentë "said" with the interrogative element ma [PM:357] prefixed.)

ASLEEP lorna -LOS

ASSEMBLE hosta- (gather, collect) -MC:223

ASSOCIATE otorno (sworn brother) osellë (ß) (sworn sister) -TOR, THEL

ASTRONOMER meneldil -Letters:386

ATHWART arta (across) (Note: arta also means "fort, fortress"); GO ATHWART tara- (cross) -LT2:335, 347

AUGER teret (gimlet) -LT1:255

AUGUST Urimë (so in LotR; UT has Úrimë) -LotR:1144, UT:302/470

AUTHORITY Máhan (pl Máhani is given, but seems perfectly regular). Tolkien once stated that Valar should strictly be translated "the Authorities" (MR:350), but Vala obviously cannot be used to translate "authority" in general; it was used only of the Valar themselves (WJ:404). Cf. also adj. valya "having (divine) authority or power". Máhani was adopted from Valarin and originally probably referred to the Valar themselves. We are not told whether Máhan could or should be applied to a non-divine authority (at least it should not be capitalized if so used). Note: Máhan means *"Supreme One" rather than "authority" as an abstract. -MR:350, BAL, WJ:399/402

AUTUMN yávië (harvest - in the Calendar of Imladris, yávië was a precisely defined period of 54 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition), lasselanta ("leaf-fall", used of the beginning of winter or as a synonym of quellë; see FADING. Also spelt lasse-lanta with a hyphen), narquelion ("fire-fading" - this word from Fíriel's Song and Etym seems to correspond to narquelië in LotR, but the latter is the name of the month corresponding to our October.) LT1:273 has yávan "autumn, harvest", but this word may be obsoleted by yávië. -LotR:1142, 1144, 1145/Silm:439/LT1:254, DAT, FS, NAR/KWAL, Letters:382

AVENUE OF TREES aldëon -LT1:249

AWAKE coiva- (so in LT1:257; read *cuiva- in mature Quenya? Cf. the following:) AWAKENING (noun) cuivië (obsoleting coivië in LT1:257), cuivë; AWAKENING (adj) cuivëa -KUY/Silm:429

AWAY oa, oar (viewed from the point of view of the thing, person, or place left). See also GO AWAY. -WJ:366 cf. 361

AWNING teltassë -GL:70

AXE pelecco -LT2:346

<B>

BABE lapsë -LAP

BACK - LT2:338 mentions a Gnomish word alm, said to mean "the broad of the back from shoulder to shoulder, back, shoulders". It is stated that the "Qenya" cognate of this Gnomish word occurs in the name Aikaldamor - i.e., #aldamo or #aldamor? But this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.

BACK- (prefix) at-, ata- (re-, again-); THOSE WHO GO BACK Nandor (Elves that left the March from Cuiviénen) -AT(AT), WJ:384

BACKWARDS nan- (prefix?) -MBAS

BAD - Gnomish fêg is so glossed in GL:34, and this is equated with Q faica, glossed "contemptible, mean" under SPAY.

BAKE masta- -MBAS

BALE OUT calpa- (draw water, scoop out) -KALPA

BALL coron -KOR

BALROG Valarauko (pl. Valaraukar) (so in the Silmarillion - in Etym the Quenya form of Sindarin balrog is malarauco, while LT1:250 gives Malcaraucë) -Silm:35/425/439, RUK

BAND nossë (army, troop) -LT2:340

BANK (esp. of river) ráva -RAMBÁ

BARK - Tolkien originally thought that parma "book" really meant "skin, bark; parchment", with "book, writings" as the secondary meaning. But in Etym parma is derived from a stem meaning "compose, put together", obsoleting the old etymology. -LT2:346, contrast PAR

BASE sundo (root, root-word) (pl. #sundar, isolated from Tarmasundar in UT:166), talan (talam-) (floor, ground), talma (foundation, root); BASE-STRUCTURE sundocarmë -SUD, WJ:319, TALAM, TAL, LT:343

BATTER palpa- (beat) -PALAP

BAY (small and landlocked) hópa (haven, harbour) -KHOP

BE The only forms of the verb "to be" in the published corpus are ná "is" , nar "are", and nai "be it that" (mistranslated "maybe" in LotR). The word ëa is variously translated "is", "it is", "let it be". Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is", but ye may be obsolete in mature Quenya. For "was", some writers have used né, pl. ("were") ner. Cf. also uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1. pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. -Nam/RGEO:67, An Introduction to Elvish:5, Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU

BE GONE! heca! - also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand aside!) -WJ:364

BEACH falas (falass-), falassë (shore, line of surf), falas, hresta (ablative hrestallo is attested) -LT1:253, Silm:431, PHAL/LT2:339, MC:221/222/223

BEAR (vb) #col- (verb stem isolated from #colindo "bearer". Cf. mel- "to love", melindo "lover". #Col- can also be translated *"wear" [of clothes], cf. the past participle colla "borne, worn".) BEAR FRUIT yavin (which must mean *"I bear fruit", stem #yav-. Tolkien often employs the 1. person aorist when mentioning a verb in his wordlists.) -LotR:989, cf. Letters:308 and MEL, MR:385, LT1:273

BEAR (noun) morco -MORÓK

BEARD fanga (obsoleting vanga in GL:21; GL:34 has fangë "long beard", while GL:63 gives poa. Use fanga.) -SPÁNAG

BEARER #colindo (only attested in the pl compound cormacolindor "Ring-bearers") -LotR:989, cf. Letters:308

BEAT palpa- (batter) -PALAP

BEAUTIFUL vanya (Note: a homonym means "disappear"), linda, calwa, vanima (nominal pl vanimar "beautiful ones" and partitive plural genitive vanimálion are attested) (fair, proper, right). According to MR:49, Maiar means "the Beautiful", but in Quenya this is the name of an order of spirits and cannot be used as a general adjective. BEAUTY vanessë -BAN, SLIN, LT1:254, LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308, LT1:272, MR:49

BED caima; BEDCHAMBER caimasan (ß) (pl. caimasambi); BEDRIDDEN caimassë, caimassëa (sick); LYING IN BED (noun) caila (sickness) -KAY, STAB

BEE nier (honey-bee), nion -GL:60

BEECH feren, fernë (pl. ferni in both cases) (LT2:343 gives neldor "beech"; this word may be obsolete in mature Quenya.) -PHER

BEECHEN ferinya -PHÉREN

BEGET nosta- (also glossed "give birth"), onta- (pa.t. ónë or ontanë); BEGETTER #nostar (see note), ontaro (m.), ontarë (f.) (parent). (In LotR, the form nostari "begetters, parents" occurs; sg #nostar. Nostari was changed from ontari in Tolkien's first draft [see SD:73], so he may have scrapped ontaro, ontarë in favour of #nostar [or m. *nostaro, f. *nostarë???] Did he also reject the verb onta- in favour of nosta-?) -SD:73, ONO, LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308

BEGINNING *yessë (Corrected from the actual reading esse, derived from a stem that was marked with a query by Tolkien because esse also = name. Evidence from LotR indicates that he decided to change the stem in question from ESE to *YESE, thus eliminating this homophony: In LotR:1142 we find yestarë, apparently meaning *"first-day" - it is not translated, but it was the name of the first day of the year and ré means "day". In Etym [stem ESE] the word for "first" was esta. So for esta "first", esse "beginning" and essea "?primary" [gloss illegible], we should evidently read *yesta, *yessë and yessëa.) -ESE/ESET

BEGOTTEN - see FIRST-BEGOTTEN.

BEHOLD cen- (see) (future tense cenuva is attested) -MC:222

BEING ëala (spirit).Pl. ëalar is attested. Eälar are spirits whose natural state it is to exist without a physical body, e.g. Balrogs. -MR:165

BEING ALIVE (noun) cuilë -KUY

BELEGOST Túrosto (Mickleburg) -WJ:389

BELERIAND Hecelmar, Heceldamar (lit. *"home of the Eglath", q.v.) This is said to be the name for Beleriand used "in the language of the loremasters of Aman". The cognate of Sindarin "Beleriand" is #Valariandë; only the form Valarianden is attested (a genitive formation from an earlier "Qenya" variant; in mature Quenya it would be a dative). The latter may be the name used in Exilic Quenya. Beleriand was also called Ingolondë "Land of the Gnomes [Noldor]". -WJ:365, LR:202, ÑGOLOD

BELL nyellë -NYEL

BELLIED #cumba (isolated from sauricumba "foulbellied"). This adjective may point to *cumbo or something similar as the likely word for "belly". -SD:68, 72

BELOVED melda (dear). Cf. nessamelda, *"beloved of Nessa", a flagrant evergreen tree brought to Númenor by the Eldar. -MEL, UT:456

BELZAGAR Calmacil -UT:222

BEND #cúna- (derived from the adj. cúna "bent"; see MC:223. In menel acúna "the heavens bending" the word is used intransitively.) -MC:222/223 cf. 215

BENEATH undu (down, under) -UNU

BENT cúna (curved; cúna is also used as a verbal stem, see BEND), raica (crooked, wrong), cauca (crooked, humped), sara (ß) (stiff dry grass) -MC:223, RAYAK, LT1:257, STAR

BERRY piucca -GL:64 (glossed "blackberry" in LT2:347)

BESIDE ara, also ar- as prefix. -AR

BETWEEN imbë -Nam/RGEO:67

BEYOND pella (a postposition in Quenya: Andúnë pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from beyond the stars") -Nam, MC:222

BIER tulma -LT1:270

BIG DIPPER see SICKLE OF THE VALAR.

BIPED #attalya (Only pl Attalyar is attested. The word was used of the Petty-dwarves, q.v.) -WJ:389

BIRD aiwë, filit (pl filici) (Note: both aiwë and filit are stated to mean "small bird", not "bird" in general), ambalë, ammalë (= yellow bird), lindo (= "singer", singing bird). LT1:273 also has wilin; this may or may not be a valid word in mature Quenya. -AIWÊ, PHILIK, SMAL, LIN

BIRTH, BIRTHDAY nosta; GIVE BIRTH nosta- (but in later sources, nosta- is glossed "beget", q.v.) -LT1:272

BITE (vb) nac- BITE (noun) nahta -NAK

BITTER sára -SAG

BLACK morë (in compounds mori-, e.g. Moriquendi), morna, morqua; BLACKNESS mórë (night); BLACKHANDED morimaitë, BLACKBERRY piucca (only "berry" in GL:64); BLACK FOE Moringotto (the oldest [MET] form was Moriñgotho) (Morgoth) -MOR, LT1:260, LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, LT2:347, MR:194

BLADE hyanda (share), (sword blade:) +russë (corruscation) -LT2:342, RUS

BLAZE urya- (The stem this word is derived from was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from the same stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it.) BLAZING HOT úrin (Úrin also being a name of the Sun) -UR, LT1:271

BLESS laita- (praise) (Imperative a laita and fut #laituva are attested, the latter with pronominal endings: laituvalmet, "we shall praise [or bless] them".) BLESSED alya, almárëa (prosperous, rich, abundant), herenya (wealthy, fortunate, rich), aman ("blessed, free from evil" - Aman was "chiefly used as the name of the land where the Valar dwelt." [WJ:399]. BLESSED BEING Manwë (the King of the Valar); BLESSEDNESS vald- (so in LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either *val or *valdë) (happiness), "BLESSINGS", BLESSEDNESS, BLISS almië, almarë; FINAL BLISS manar, mandë (doom, final end, fate, fortune) -LotR:989 cf Letters:308; GAL, KHER, Letters:283, LT1:272, MAN/MANAD

BLIGHT yaru (gloom) -GL:37

BLINK tihta- (peer) -MC:223

BLOCK tápë (3 pers sg aorist), pa.t. tampë -TAP

BLOOD sercë (so according to Silm appendix; Etym has yár [yar-]) -Silm:437, YAR

BLOSSOM (white) lossë, ("of flowers in bunches or clusters":) *lohtë (corrected from the actual reading loktë because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya.) -LOT, LT1:258

BLOT motto -MBOTH

BLUE luin, #luinë (pl. luini in Nam; Etym and LT1:262 has lúnë), ninwa, ulban (adopted from Valarin; only used in Vanyarin Quenya), PALE BLUE helwa -Nam/LT2:340, LT1:262, LUG, WJ:399, 3EL

BOAT luntë; SMALL BOAT venë (vessel, dish) -LUT, LT1:254

BODY hroa (In MR:330, Tolkien notes that hroa is "roughly but not exactly equivalent to 'body'" [as opposed to "soul"]. Hroa is also used = "physical matter"), DEAD BODY loico (corpse); BODILY sarcuva (corporeal) -MR:216, 219; MC:223, LT2:347

BOLD verya, canya BOLDNESS verië -BER, KAN

BOLSTER nirwa (cushion) -NID

BOND nútë (knot), vérë (troth, compact, oath) Pl. probably *vérer, *núter not *véri, *núti; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. -NUT, WED

BONE axo (pl axor is attested) -MC:222, 223

BOOK parma (writings); BOOK LANGUAGE (=Quenya) parmalambë -PAR/UT:219, 460, LT2:346

BORDER réna (edge, margin); ríma (edge, hem) -REG, Rî

BORN #nóna (isolated from Apanónar, the "Afterborn") -Silm:122/381

BORNE colla (pa.p. of col- "bear") (worn). Also used as a noun = "vestment, cloak". -MR:385

BOSOM palúrë (surface, bosom of earth), súma (hollow cavity) -PAL, MC:223

BOSS OF SHIELD tolmen (isolated round hill) -LT1:269

BOTH yúyo -YÛ

BOUND nauta (obliged) -NUT

BOW (vb ) cawin ("I bow", 1. pers. aorist); BOW (noun) quinga, cú (also = crescent Moon), lúva, cúnë (crescent); RAINBOW helyanwë ("sky-bridge"), Ilweran, Ilweranta (LT2:348 has iluquinga "sky-bow", but this word was obsoleted when Tolkien changed the meaning of ilu from "sky" to "universe".) BOWLEGGED quingatelco (So it is translated, but this must really be a noun: "bow-leg" [quinga + telco]. No Quenya adjectives end in -o, unless this is the only one. Read *quingatelca for "bow-legged"? Cf. one of the other words from the same source, sincahonda, changed from sincahondo in an earlier draft - but at that time Tolkien had already omitted quingatelco and hence did not change its ending: See SD:72.) -LT1:257, SD 68, 72, KWIG, KU3, LT1:256, LotR:1154, LT1:271

BOWL fion (goblet), #salpë (isolated from tanyasalpë "Bowl of Fire") -LT1:253, 292

BRANCH olwa -GÓLOB

BRAND yulma (Note: a homonym means "cup".) -YUL cf. Nam

BREAD masta; LIFE-BREAD (= lembas) coimas (prob. *coimast-, cf. masta "bread") -MBAS, Silm:406/429

BREAK (vb) rac- (past participle rácina "broken" is attested); BREAK APART terhat- (pa.t. terhantë); BREAK ASUNDER hat- (pa.t. hantë) -MC:223, SKAT

BREATH (noun) hwesta (breeze, puff of air), súlë (ß) (spirit) (earlier [MET] form thúlë = Súlë ; BREATH (vb) súya- (ß); BREATHER Súlimo (ß) (a title of Manwë; this is the literal meaning according to Silm:420); BREATH FORTH see EXPIRE. -SWES, THÛ/LotR:1157

BREEZE hwesta (breath, puff of air), GENTLE BREEZE vílë; BREEZY vilin (airy) -SWES, LotR:1157, LT1:273

BRIDE indis (wife) (This word may obsolete akairis in LT1:252) -NDIS/UT:8

BRIDEGROOM ender -NDER

BRIDGE yanwë (joining, isthmus), yanta (yoke) -YAT, LotR:1157

BRILLIANCE alcar, alcarë (splendour, radiance), calassë (clarity); BRILLIANT alcarinqua (glorious) -AKLA-R-/RGEO:73/UT:317/WJ:369/Silm:427, GL:39

BROAD - LT2:338 gives a word aica "broad, vast", but this is probably obsoleted by aica "sharp, fell, terrible, dire" in later writings.

BROAD SWORD lango (also = prow of ship), BROAD-BLADED SWORD ecet (short stabbing sword) -LAG, UT:284/432

BROKEN rácina -MC:223

BROOCH tancil (pin) -TAK

BROOD luvu- (lower) -LT1:259

BROOK nellë (GL :46 has wentë) -NEN

BROTHER toron (pl. torni) (= natural brother); otorno sworn brother, associate BROTHERHOOD onóro (of bloodkinship), otornassë (the latter is evidently the "brotherhood" of otornor, sworn brothers) -TOR, NÔ

BROWN varnë (swart, dark brown) (in compounds varni-) -BARÁN

BUD tuima (sprout); BUDDING see SPRING-TIME. -TUY, LT1:269

BUFFET taran, tarambo -LT2:337

BUILD carin ("I make, build", 1. pers. aorist - according to FS and SD:246 the past tense is cárë, but Etym has carnë; writers should probably use the latter (not to be confused with the adjective carnë "red". Past participle #carna *"built, made" is attested in Vincarna *"newly-made" in MR:305.) BUILDING car (card-) (house), ampano (= especially building of wood, wooden hall), ataquë (construction); BUILDER samno (ß) (carpenter, wright) -KAR, PAN, TAK, STAB

BULL tarucco, tarunco -LT2:347

BUNCHES (of flowers) see BLOSSOM.

BURDENSOME lumna (lying heavy, oppressive, ominous) -DUB

BURLY polda (strong) -POL

BU RN usta- (transitive, e.g. *Fëanáro ustanë i ciryar "Fëanor burnt the ships"), urya- (intransitive, e.g. *i ciryar uryaner "the ships were burning") -LT1:271

BUSH tussa -TUS

BUT nan (so in Namárië and Fíriel's Song; Etym has ná, nán. Ná clashes with ná "is"); er (only, one, alone, but, still); BUT YET a-nanta, ananta (and yet) -NDAN, LT1:269, Nam/FS

BUTTERFLY wilwarin (wilwarind-) -WIL/MC:222, 223/LT1:273

BUTTOCKS hacca (hams) -GL:47

-BY-mas (final element in place-names, see -TON) -LT1:250

<C>

CALACIRIAN Calaciryan (prob. *Calaciryand-), full form Calaciryandë (i.e., "the region of Eldamar...in and near the entrance to the ravine [of Calacirya], where the Light was brighter and the land more beautiful") -RGEO:70 cf. LotR:252

CALL yello (shouth of triumph) -GYEL

CANDLE lícuma (taper) -MC:223

CANOPY (vb) telta- (overshadow, screen), CANOPY (noun) telimbo (sky) -TEL, LT1:268

CANNIBAL-OGRES Sarquindi (sg #Sarquindë?) -LT2:347

CAPE mundo (nose, snout) (Note: mundo also means "ox".) -MBUD

CARANTHIR Morifinwë, short form Moryo (not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is the cognate of his "mother-name" [q.v.] Carnistir.) -PM:353

CARCANET firinga (necklace) -LT2:346/GL:36

CAROUSAL yulmë (drinking) (Note: a homonym means "smouldering heat") -WJ:416

CARPENTER samno (ß) (wright, builder) -STAB

CARRY - GL:38 has yulu-, but in WJ:416 the same stem (there spelt JULU) is said to mean "drink", indicating that yulu- "carry" is obsolete in mature Quenya. Use rather #col-; see BEAR.

CART norollë -GL:31

?CASSIOPEIA Wilwarin (the identification of this constellation is not certain. Wilwarin means "butterfly".) -Silm:426

CASTLE OF CUSTODY - this is mentioned as the approximate meaning of Mandos (stem Mandost-) -MR:350

CAT mëoi -LT2:348

CATCH (noun) atsa (hook, claw) -GAT

CAUSE (vb) tyar- -KYAR

CAVE felya, rondo , rotelë; ARTIFICIAL CAVE hróta (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall) -PHÉLEG, ROD, LT2:347, PM:365

CAVITY (hollow) súma (bosom) -MC:223

CEASE hauta- (take a rest, stop), pusta- (stop, put a stop to), tyel- (end) -KHAW, PUS, KYEL

CELEBORN Telporno (Letters:425) or Teleporno (UT:266). (The latter is stated to be the Telerin form, while Telporno must be the form used in Noldorin Quenya. Cf. Altáriel vs. Alatáriel; see GALADRIEL.)

CELEBRIMBOR (= "Silver-fist") Telperinquar (possibly *Telperinquár-. Cf. quárë "fist"). -Silm:429

CELEGORM Turcafinwë, short form Turco (not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is a cognate of his mother-name [q.v.] Tyelcormo "hasty-riser"; the latter name was "never used in narrative".) -PM:352, 353

CELOS Celussë (see UT:426)

CENTRE endë (core, middle), tólë -NÉD, ÉNED, LT1:269

CENTURY haranyë (or perhaps it means the last day of a century - Tolkien's wording is not clear. The latter interpretation may be more likely.) -LotR:1142

CHAIN Angainor (= "The Great Chain" with which Morgoth was twice bound; LT1:249 has the form Angaino) -Silm:59

CHAMBER sambë (ß) (-san, -samb- in compounds; cf. BEDCHAMBER) (room) -STAB

CHAMPION aráto (eminent man) -Silm:428

CHANGE (vb) #ahya- (only pa.t. ahyanë is attested) -PM:395

CHANNEL celma -KEL

CHANT lirin ("I chant", 1. pers. aorist) (sing) -LIR1

CHEESE tyuru- (so in GL:28; why the hyphen?)

CHERRY pio (this word was also applied to plums). CHERRY TREE aipio (also used = "plum tree"???) -LT2:347, GL:18

CHIEF (adj) héra (principal); CHIEF (noun) #turco (isolated from Turcomund "chief of bulls, *chief bull"; this may not be pure Quenya, but Turco appears as a the short name of Turcafinwë, Celegorm's Quenya name - though that is translated "strong, powerful (in body)" rather than referring to more "political" power) -KHER, Letters:423, PM:352

CHIEFTAIN haran (pl harni) (in Etym also = king, but in LotR and other texts the Quenya word for "king" is aran pl. arani - see KING), cáno, cánu (see COMMANDER) (ruler, governor, commander) -3AR, UT:400

CHILD hína, also vocative hina with a short vowel, used when addressing a (young) child. Pl. híni rather than hínar; see CHILDREN OF ILÚVATAR below. "Child" as the last element in compounds: -hin (-hín-, pl. -híni), e.g. CHILDREN OF ERU Eruhíni from sg. #Eruhin; CHILDREN OF ILÚVATAR Híni Ilúvataro; MY CHILD hinya (short for hínanya). (For "child", Etym also has seldë; Tolkien changed the meaning from "daughter".) -WJ:403, Silm:387/432, SEL-D-

CHILL ninquë (pallid, white); BE CHILL (of weather) nicu- (be cold) -WJ:417 cf. NIK-W-

CHILLY ringa (damp, cold) -LT1:265

CHOKE quoro- (suffocate), CHOKED quorin (drowned) -LT1:264

CHOOSING #cilmë (isolated from Essecilmë "name-choosing", q.v.) -MR:214

CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT lúmequenta (history) -LU

CIRCLE rindë; CIRCULAR rinda; CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ("especially on a hill-top") corin -RIN, KOR/LT1:257

CITY osto (town with wall round) -OS

CLAD vaina -LT1:272

CLAMOUR yalmë -NGYAL (see NGAL)

CLAN nossë (family, "house") < i>-NÔ

CLARITY calassë (brilliance) -GL:39

CLASP tangwa (hasp) -TAK

CLAW atsa (hook, catch), #racca (isolated from raccalepta, see below); CLAW-FINGERED raccalepta -GAT, SD:68, 72

CLEAN poica -POY

CLEARED (of land) latin, latina (free, open) -LAT

CLEAVE hyarin ("I cleave", 1. pers. aorist), CLEAVER #hyando in Sangahyando "Throng-cleaver, Cleaver of throngs" -SYAD, LT2:342, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425

CLEAVE TO himya- (abide by, stick to) -KHIM

CLEFT yáwë (ravine, gulf); sanca (ß) (split), hyatsë (gash), ciris (crack), falqua (mountain pass, ravine), cilya (gorge, pass between hills) (so in Etym, but cirya in the name Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen. Calaciryo in Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya "ship". An early version of Namárië actually had Calacilyo, not Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5.) -YAG, STAK, SYAD, RGEO:70/WJ:403, LT2:337, 341, KIL

CLIFF ollo (seaward precipice) (The alternative form oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -LT1:252

CLOAK colla (vestment, actually a past participle "borne, worn" used as a noun). GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo, Singollo (so in Silm:421; MR:217 has Sindicollo. Note that colla has become #collo because -o is a masculine ending.) (Thingol) -MR:385

CLOTH lannë (tissue) -LAN

CLOUD fanya (white cloud; pl. fanyar is attested), lumbo (pl lumbor is attested. In LT1:259, it is stated that this word applies to a "dark lowering cloud"), ungo (dark shadow). (In ancient times the Elves probably also used the word fana [in Etym fána] for "cloud" or "veil", but in Quenya it came to denote the visible bodies in which the Valar manifested themselves to incarnates. When fana no longer meant "cloud", this meaning was evidently transferred to the derivative fanya, originally probably meaning "white" or "white thing".) UPPER AIRS AND CLOUDS fanyarë (skies) -SPAN, MC:222, UÑG, Nam, RGEO:67, SYAD, RGEO:74, MC:223

CLUSTERS (of flowers) see BLOSSOM.

COAT vacco (jacket) -GL:21

COBWEB línë -SLIG

CODE OF SIGNS tengwesta (system of signs, grammar); GESTURE-CODE hwermë -WJ:394 cf. TEK, WJ:395

COLD (adj) ringa (so in MC:222 and LT1:265; Etym has ringë, which is also a noun meaning "cold lake/pool in the mountains"), (damp, chilly), yelwa; COLD (noun?) niquë, also vb niquë- "it is cold, it freezes"; BE COLD, CHILL (of weather) nicu- -MC:222, RINGI, LT1:260, WJ:417

COLLAPSE (vb) talta- (slip, slide down), COLLAPSE (noun) atalantë (downfall) -MC:223

COLLECT hosta- (gather, assemble); COLLECTION OF LEAVES olassië (foliage) -KHOTH/MC:223, Letters:282

COME tulin ("I come", 1. pers. aorist); perfect #utúlië and future #tuluva are attested (the latter in entuluva "shall come again". Tulin obsoletes tulu- in LT1:270). COME AWAY hótuli- ("so as to leave a place or group and join another in the thought or place of the speaker") -TUL, LotR:1003, Silm:229, WJ:368

COMMANDER cáno ("usually as the title of a lesser chief, especially one acting as the deputy of one higher in rank", PM:345) (governor, chieftain, commander) -PM:345

COMMANDMENT axan (law, rule) -WJ:399

COMMERSE mancalë -MBAKH

COMMUNICATION centa (as in Ósanwë-centa, Communication of Thought. In other contexts, centa must be translated *"enquiry" or *"essay") -MR:415

COMPACT vérë (troth, oath, bond) Pl. probably *vérer not *véri; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver.) -WED

COMPEL mauya-; COMPULSION mausta -MBAW

COMPLAINT nur (growl) -LT1:263

COMPLETELY aqua (fully, altogether, wholly) -WJ:392

CONCEAL halya- (veil, screen from light) -SKAL

CONCEALED furin or hurin (hidden) -LT2:340

CONCEPTION nóa (pl. nówi), nó (nów-) -NOWO

CONCH hyalma (shell, horn of Ulmo) -SYAL

CONCLUDE telya- (transitive) (wind up, finish); CONCLUSION telma (further defined as "anything used to finish off a work or an affair") -WJ:411

CONFUSED rúcina (shattered, disordered) -MC:223

CONSONANT - Tolkien notes: "Since...in the mode of spelling commonly used the full signs were consonantal, in ordinary non-technical use tengwar [sg tengwa, see LETTER] became equivalent to 'consonants'." Cf. also surya "spirant consonant" and punta "stopped consonant". -WJ:396, SUS, PUT (see PUS)

CONSPICOUS minda (prominent) -MIN

CONSTRUCTION tanwë (craft, thing made, construction, devise) ataquë (building) -TAN, TAK

CONTEMPTIBLE faica (mean) -SPAY

CONTINUAL vorima (repeated); CONTINUALLY voro (also voro- in compounds) -BOR

CONTRARY, ON THE - see NO

CONTROL turin ("I...control", 1. pers. aorist) (pa.t. turnë) (wield, govern); IN CONTROL OF (possessing) arwa (followed by gen, e.g. *i heru arwa i nerion "the lord in control of the men") -TUR, 3AR

COOKED FOOD apsa (meat) -AP

COPING-STONE see FINISH.

COPPER tambë; OF COPPER tambina; COPPER-COLOURED aira (ruddy, red) -LT1:250, 256, 268

COPULA telluma (altered from earlier telumë under influence of a Valarin word; pl. tellumar is attested) (dome), coromindo (dome) -Nam/WJ:399/411, KOR

CORE endë (centre, middle) -NÉD, ÉNED

CORNFLOWER menelluin (lit. *"sky-blue") -Pictures of J. R. R. Tolkien

CORPOREAL sarcuva (bodily) -LT2:347

CORPSE quelet (pl. queletsi), loico (dead body); CORPSE-CANDLE loicolícuma -KWEL, MC:223

CORRUSCATION russë (+swordblade) -RUS

COTTAGE - LT2:336 has os(t) "house and cottage", but this word is probably obsolete - osto means "city" in mature Quenya.

COUNT - the stem not- can be isolated from the word for "countable", see below. It actually occurs in Etym, but is glossed "reckon" instead. COUNT UP onot- (cf. not- "reckon"), COUNTABLE #nótima (isolated from únótimë "not-countable, numberless", pl.). NOT COUNTING hequa (leaving aside, excluding, except) -NOT, Nam, RGEO:67, WJ:364, 365

COUNTRY nórë (land, race, nation, native land, family), #nórië (only attested in a compound, in the ablative case: sindanóriello, "grey-country-from", "out of a grey country". -NÔ, Nam/RGEO:67

COURAGE huorë (only attested as a proper name: Huorë, lit. "heart-vigour") -KHÔ-N

COURSE tië (line, direction, way, path, road) -TE3, RGEO:67

COURT paca (paved floor) -GL:63

COVER topë (aorist sg) (pa.t. tompë), untúpa- (lit. "down-roof") -TOP, Nam/RGEO:67

COVERING telmë (hood) -TEL

COW (milch cow) yaxë. (An alternative form yaxi, glossed "cow", looks like a plural in mature Quenya.) -GL:36

CRACK ciris (cleft) -LT2:335

CRAFT tanwë (thing made, device, construction); curwë. CRAFTSMAN tano (smith) -KUR

CREATE onta (pa.t. ónë, ontanë) -ONO

CREATURE onna; DEFORMED/HIDEOUS CREATURE ulundo (monster) -ONO, ÚLUG

CRESCENT cúnë (bow) -LT1:271

CREST (of wave) wingë (wingi-) (foam, spindrift). LT1:256 gives ormë "crest, summit", but in mature Quenya ormë means "wrath, haste, violence, rushing". CRESTED WAVE falma -WIG/LT1:273, PHAL

CROOKED hwarin; raica (bent, wrong), rempa (hooked), cauca (bent, humped) -SKWAR, RÁYAK, REP, LT1:260

CROSSBAR hwarma -SKWAR

CROSSING tarna (passage, #ford) -LT2:347

CROW quáco (so in WJ:395; Etym has corco ) -WJ:395, KORKA (see KARKA)

CROWD sanga (throng, press); rimbë (host) -STAG/Silm:438, RIM

CROWN rië; CROWNED rína; STAR-CROWNED, CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil) Elerrína (so in Silm; Etym has Elerína) -RIG, EL, Silm:42

CRUEL nwalca (Though spelt this way also in Etym, nwalca must be from older *ngwalca, for the stem is ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (< older ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw of nwalca.) -ÑGWAL

CRUMBLE #ruxa- (only part. ruxala is attested) -MC:222 cf 215

CRYSTAL SUBSTANCE silima (a substance Fëanor alone knew how to make; the Silmarils were made of it. Etymologically, the word apparently means simply *"white-shining thing", or perhaps *"[substance] apt to shine white".) -RGEO:73, Silm:437

CUNNING - LT1:253 has findë, finië, but these words may not be valid in mature Quenya (in Etym, findë means "tress, lock of hair").

CUP yulma -Nam, RGEO:67

CUPOLA coromindo (dome) -KOP

CURUFIN Curufinwë, short form Curvo. (His "mother-name", never used in narrative, was Atarincë.) -PM:352, 353

CURUNÍR Curumo (Saruman) -UT:393, 401

CURVED cúna (bent; cúna is also used as a verbal stem, see BEND) -MC:223

CUSHION nirwa -NID

CUSTODY mando (safe keeping); CASTLE OF CUSTODY Mandos (Mandost-) -MR:350

CUT (vb) rista-; venië (infinitive? stem #ven-?) (shape), CUT (noun) rista, venwë (shape), CUT OFF (and get rid of or lose a portion:) auciri-, (so as to have or or use a required portion:) hóciri- -RIS, LT1:254, WJ:365-366, 368

CYCLE randa (age) -RAD

<D>

DAERON see DAIRON

DAGGER sicil (knife), naica -SIK, GL:37

DAIRON Sairon -GL:29 (called Daeron in the published Silmarillion)

DALE nal, nallë (dell); DALE-SPRITES tavar (pl. tavarni) -LT1:261, LT1:267

DAMP ringa (chilly, cold) -LT1:265

DANCE (vb) lilta- -LILT

DANGLE linga- -LING

DARE verya- (cf. BOLD) -BER

DARK (adj.) morna (gloomy, sombre, black), nulla (dusky, obscure), lóna (Note: a homonym means "island"), lúrëa (overcast), DARK OR HIDDEN tumna (low-lying, low, profound, deep) DARK (noun), hui (fog, murk, night); DARK, DARKNESS mornië, mórë (blackness, night), mor, lúmë (Note: lúmë also means "hour, time"), lómë (night, twilight, gloom), huinë (shadow, gloom); DARK ELVES Moriquendi, Morimor (Lómëarni in LT1:259 is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya); DARK ONE (=Morgoth) morion; DARK WEATHER lúrë; DARK LOWERING CLOUD lumbo (pl. lumbor is attested); DARK VALE tumbo (deep valley) -Letters:382, NDUL, DO3, LT1:259, LT1:271, LT1:253, MOR, LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, Silm:431, MC:222 cf. 215, WJ:361/Silm:388, Nam/RGEO:67, FS, LT1:259, 269

DAUGHTER yendë, yen, -iel (suffix, e.g. Uinéniel "daughter of Uinen" [UT:182]; this suffix may obsolete the earlier [TLT] ending -wen, mentioned in LT1:271). The stem YEL, from which -iel must be derived, was removed from Etym. However, the UT example just mentioned is from a later text, indicating that Tolkien restored -iel. Perhaps yeldë was restored as the independent word for "daughter" at the same time and is to be preferred to yendë, yen. Distinguish -riel in Altáriel (Galadriel), which does not mean "daughter" and becomes -riell- before an ending. -YÔ, YEL, 182/469

DAWN ára (obsoleting órë in LT1:264; this word means "rising" or "heart" in mature Quenya), +amaurëa (early day) -AR1 , MC:223

DAY aurë (sunlight; Etym gives arë), arya (= 12 hours), ré (= 24 hours, counted from sunset to sunset), sana (= 24 hours), DAYTIME arië, EARLY DAY +amaurëa (dawn), DAYLIGHT - LT1:254 gives calma, but this word means "lamp" in LotR. LAST DAY OF YEAR quantien, DAYSPRING tuilë -AR1, Silm:229/234/439, LotR:1141, LT1:250, MC:223, YEN

DEAD firin (= dead by natural cause), qualin (related to qualmë "agony, death" and probably has darker connotations than firin), vanwa (departed, lost, past, gone, vanished, no longer to be had), hessa (withered). DEAD BODY loico (corpse) -KWAL, PHIR, MC:223, LT1:255, WJ:366

DEAR melda (beloved), melin, moina (familiar), #melya (isolated from Melyanna "dear gift", Melian's Quenya name), valda (worth, worthy). Cf. also the "suffix of endearment" -ya mentioned in UT:418: Anardilya *"dear Anardil" (UT:174). -MEL, MOY, Silm:434, GL:23

DEATH qualmë, unqualë (agony), nuru (Nuru = Mandos), fairë (natural death [as act]) (Note: fairë also means "radiance" and "phantom", and even [in LT1:250] "free"), urdu -KWAL/LT1:264, ÑGUR, PHIR, LT2:342

DECLIVITY pendë (downslape, slope) -PEN

DEEP tumna (low-lying, low, profound, dark or hidden), núra; DEEP VALLEY tumbo (dark vale) -NÛ, TUB

DEFORMED CREATURE ulundo (hideous creature, monster) -ÚLUG

DELL nal, nallë (dale) -LT1:261

DEMON rauko (pl. #raukar, isolated from Valaraukar "Balrogs". LT1:250 gives araukë; WJ:415 has rauko and arauko, defined as "a powerful, hostile, and terrible creature".) See also ORC. -RUK, Silm:436, WJ:415

DENETHOR Nanisáro (ß) -LR:188

DENTAL SERIES tincotéma (t-series) -LotR:1154

DENY lala- (Note: a homonym means "laugh".) -LA

DEPART vanya- (pa.t. vannë). Lendë pa.t. of lelya/linna "go" is also glossed as "departed". DEPARTED (adj) vanwa (gone, vanished, lost, past, no longer to be had, dead) -WAN, LED, WJ:366, Nam

DESCENDANT indyo (grandchild) (Indyo looks like Vanyarin Quenya; the combination ndy became ny in Noldorin Quenya. The Noldor likely used the form *inyo.) MALE DESCENDANT yondo (son) (In LT2:344, it is said that yondo usually meant "(great) grandson", but in mature Quenya it simply means "son".) -ÑGYO(N)

DESERT erumë (cf. Eruman a desert north-east of Valinor) -ERE

DESERTED erda (solitary) -LT1:269

DESIRE (vb) merë (3. pers. sg. aorist; stem #mer-, pa.t. mernë) (want, wish); DESIRE (noun) írë, milmë (greed). (Note: írë also means "when". The stem YES yields a word yesta "desire", but this clashes with the corrected/updated form of esta - see FIRST.) DESIREABLE írima (loveable), DESIRER Irmo (name of a Vala) -MER, ID, MIL-IK, YES, WJ:403

DESTINE martya-; DESTINY maranwë -MBARAT

DETERMINANT VOWEL sundóma (lit. *"base-vowel, root-vowel". Christopher Tolkien notes: "Very briefly indeed, the Quendian consonantal base or sundo was characterized by a 'determinant vowel' or sundóma: thus the sundo KAT has a medial sundóma 'A', and TALAT has the sundóma repeated. In derivative forms the sundóma might be placed before the first consonant, e.g. ATALAT.") -WJ:319

DEVICE tanwë (craft, thing made, construction) -TAN

DEVISE auta- (originate, invent) -GAWA

DEW rossë (fine rain, spray), rin. DEWY nítë (moist) -ROS/Letters:282, LT1:265, NEI

DEXTEROUS formaitë (right-handed) -PHOR

DIACRITIC tehta (mark [in writing], sign) (In LotR:1155, the word is applied to the supralinear vowel-marks of Fëanorian writing, and pl. tehtar is attested.) -TEK, LotR:1155

DIALECT - Tolkien notes that the word lambë was originally "nearer to our 'dialect' than to 'language', but later when the Eldar became aware of other tongues, not intelligible without study, lambe naturally became applied to the seperate languages of any people or region." Thus, lambë can hardly be used for "dialect" in Exilic Quenya. -WJ:394

DICTUM eques (pl. equessi) (proverbial dictum, quotation, saying) -WJ:392

DIE fir- (fade) -MC:223

DIPHTONG #samna (only pl samnar is attested. Distinct in Tengwar spelling from samna "wooden post", that is spelt with initial súlë instead of silmë.) -SAM

DIM TO SEE néca (vague, faint) (Pl nécë is attested) -MC:223, 222

DIRE aica (fell, terrible, sharp) -PM:347

DIRECTION tië (course, line, pathway, road) -TE3/RGEO:67

DIRTY vára (soiled) -WA3

DISAPPEAR vanya- (pa.t. vannë. Note: a homonym of vanya means "beautiful") (go, depart) -WAN

DISCOLOURED púrëa (smeared) -MC:223

DISEMBODIED SPIRIT see SPIRIT

DISGUST - feel disgust at feuya- -PHEW

DISH venë (small boat, vessel) -LT1:254

DISORDERED rúcina (confused, shattered) -MC:223

DIVIDE IN MIDDLE perya- (halve) (After perya-, a word perina is mentioned; it is undefined but must be the corresponding past participle: *"divided in middle, halved".) -PER

DIVINE valaina (= "of or belonging to the Valar", probably not to be used with reference to the One who is above them); DIVINITY valassë -BAL

DO NOT uin, umin ("I do not", 1. pers. aorist) (pa.t. úmë) (also = "am not" - see BE); DO NOT! (imperative) vá! (also = I will not); DON'T áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva carë! -UGU/UMU, WJ:371

DOER tyaro (actor, agent) -KYAR

DOG huo -KHUG

DOME telluma (pl. tellumar is attested) (copula), coromindo (cupola) -Nam/WJ:399, KOR

DON'T áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva carë! -WJ:371

DOOM manar, mandë (final end, fate, fortune, final bliss); umbar- (umbart-) (fate) In the story of Túrin Turambar, it seems that ambar means "doom": Turambar is said to mean "Master of Doom", and Nienor even uses the word in the instrumental case: ambartanen "by doom". Similarly, LT2:348 gives ambar "Fate". But in Etym, ambar means "earth", and LotR Appendix E confirms that "fate" is umbar. DOOM RING Máhanaxar (a foreign word in Quenya, adopted and adapted from Valarin.) -MAN/MANAD, MBARAT, Silm:261, 269, LotR:1157, WJ:399

DORIATH #Lestanórë (only gen. Lestanórëo is attested) -WJ:369

DORLÓMIN Lóminórë -WJ:145

DOT pica (small spot), tixë (tiny mark, point), amatixë, nuntixë (points over and under the line of writing respectively) -PIK, TIK

DOUBLE (prob. adj) atwa, tanta; DOUBLE (vb) tatya- (repeat). (Note: tatya also means "second".) -AT(AT), TATA

DOUG maxë -MASAG

DOVE cu, cua (perhaps m. and f. respectively) -KÛ

DOWN undu (under, beneath); DOWN-FALL atalantë, atalantië (collapse); DOWN-FALLEN atalantëa (pl atalantië is attested) (ruinous); DOWN BELOW (adv.) nún (underneath); "DOWN-LICK" (i.e., cover completely) #undulav- (only pa.t. undulávë is attested) -UNU, NÛ, MC:222, 223/Letters:347, RGEO:67/Nam

DOWNSLOPE pendë (slope, declivity) -PEN/PÉNED

DRAGON lókë (serpent, snake; "so do the Eldar name the worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85), angulókë, fenumë; WINGED DRAGON rámalókë; FIRE-DRAGON urulókë (pl. Urulóki is attested in Silm:138, there capitalized); SPARK-DRAGON fëalókë; FISH-DRAGON lingwilókë (sea-serpent) -LOK; cf. ANGWA, LT2:341, RAM, UR, PHAY, LIW

DRAKE (LT2:340) see DRAGON

DRAUGHT #yulda (only pl. yuldar is attested), suhto -Nam, SUK

DRAW tucin ("I draw", 1. pers. aorist); DRAW WATER calpa- (bale out, scoop out); DRAWING #halmë (isolated from Turuhalmë "Log-drawing") -KALPA, LotR:270

DREAD aista- -GAYAS

DREAM (noun) olor, olórë, lor; DREAMY olosta, olórëa -LOS, LT1:259, LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, UT:396

DRINK (vb) sucin ("I drink", 1. pers. aorist); DRINK OF THE VALAR limpë (so glossed under LIP; "drink of the fairies" in LT1:258) or míruvórë (LT1:261); DRINKING yulmë (carousal) (Note: a homonym means "smouldering heat"); DRINKING-VESSEL yulma (cup), sungwa. -SUK, WJ:416/Nam

DRIP lipte- -LT1:258

DROP (noun) limba; LITTLE DROP liptë -LIB, LT1:258

DROWNED quorin (choked) -LT1:264

DROWSY lorda (slumbrous) -LT1:259

DRÛ rú (wose), DRÚADAN Rúatan (pl. Rúatani is given but seems perfectly regular) -UT:385

DRY (prob. adj not vb) parca -PÁRAK

DRYAD tavaro, tavaron (m.), tavaril (f.), nandin (further defined as "fay of the country") -TÁWAR, LT1:261

DUILIN Tulindo; HOUSE OF DUILIN Nossë Tuilinda (Tuilinda must be an adjectival form of Tuilindo) -LT2:338

DÚNEDAIN Núnatani -WJ:386

DUSK histë (also hísë, but this clashes with a word meaning "fog, mist"), lómë (night, gloom, darkness, twilight) -LT1:255

DUSKY nulla (dark, obscure) -NDUL

DUST asto -ÁS-AT

DWARF Nauco (pl. Naucor is attested; LT1:261 gives nauca instead of nauco), Norno (Naucalië, Nornalië = the whole people of the Dwarves) Casar (pl. Casari or Casári; partitive plural Casalli; the whole people of the Dwarves being called Casallië. According to WJ, Casar - Quenyaized form of Dwarvish Khazâd - "was the word most commonly used in Quenya for the Dwarves". Nauco "stunted one" and norno "thrawn one" are less polite words for "dwarf"; yet norno is stated to be "the more friendly term". But the Dwarves themselves would definitely prefer Casar.) PETTY-DWARVES Picinaucor, Pitya-naucor (lit. *"small dwarves"), Attalyar (lit. "Bipeds"). DWARROWVAULT Casarrondo (Khazad-dûm) -NAUK, WJ:388, 389

DWELLER mardo, DWELLING (noun) mar (mas-) (home), DWELLING (adj) #farnë (a pl form? Sg farna? Only attested in the compound orofarnë "mountain-dwelling". Note: farnë is also the pa.t. of farya- "suffice"); DWELLING-PLACE nórë (land, region where certain people live, nation, native land, family); DWELLING UNDERGROUND hróta (artificial cave, rockhewn hall) -LT1:251, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, NDOR, PM:365

DWINDLE píca (part. pícala is attested) (lessen) -MC:223, 222

<E>

EACH máca -GL:41

EAGLE soron, sornë (ß) (pl. sorni) (So in Etym; Letters:427 has sorno, thorno, LT1:266 also has sor. Soron/sorno obsoletes ea, earen in LT1:251 and LT2:338 - besides, ëa means "is" in mature Quenya.) KING OF EAGLES Sorontur, "EAGLE-HORN" (a great height in Númenor) Sorontil -THOR, Letters:427, UT:465

EARLY arinya; EARLY DAY +amaurëa (dawn); EARLY MORN tuilë (dayspring, spring-time) -AR1, MC:223, TUY

EARTH cemen, kemen (soil). (Note: at the time Tolkien wrote Etym, he thought of cemen as the genitive of cén, but later cemen evidently became the nominative form, as it had been in earlier writings [LT1:257]. In Silm:433, it is said that cemen [kemen] refers to "the Earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the heavens". LT1:257 also has cemi "earth, soil, land" and Kémi "Mother Earth".) EARTH-QUEEN Kementári (Yavanna's title); EARTHEN, OF EARTH cemina. (LT2:343 gives indi "earthdwellers", another word for "men", but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.) EARTH (= world) Ambar (world) (Tolkien equated Ambar with Oikoumene, a Greek word denoting "world" considered as "the inhabited world of Men". But ambar also seems to mean "doom", q.v. MR:337 (cf. WJ:419) has Imbar instead of Ambar; the literal meaning of both words is said to be "habitation") -KEM/Silm:433/LT1:257, MBAR cf. Letters:283 or SD:409

EAST rómen (allative Rómenna and ablative Rómello in Namárië is capitalized), róna; EASTERN rómenya (Entar, Entardar "Outer Lands, Middle-earth" is also glossed as "East" once, as opposed to the Blessed Realm of the West.) The words órë "dawn, Sunrise, East" and its corresponding adjective órëa (LT1:264) are probably not valid words in mature Quenya; see DAWN. Neither can Ostar "East" be a valid word; see GATE. EAST-VICTOR Rómendacil (one of the Kings of Gondor) EAST-LANDS Orrostar (a region in Númenor) -RÔ/LotR:1157, UT:463, Nam, EN, LotR:1075, 1081, UT:165, 459

EAT mat- -MAT

ECHO láma (ringing sound - so in Etym, but see SOUND), nalláma (In Etym, the second a of the latter word has an undefined diacritic here represented by '.) ECHOING lámina -LAM

EDDY hwinya- (swirl, gyrate); hwindë (whirlpool) -SWIN

EDGE réna, ríma -REG, RÎ

EGLATH (or EGLAIN, EGLADHRIM) Heceldi (the "Forsaken" Elves, especially the Eldar left in Beleriand; sg Hecel is given. MR:170 has Ecelli.) -WJ:365 cf. Silm:68

EIGHT tolto -TOL1-OTH/OT

ELBOW ólemë -LT1:258

ELEPHANT andamunda -MBUD

ELEVEN minquë < i>-MINIK-W-, LT1:260

ELF quendë (generic, seldom used in sg; pl Quendi is the usual form; there are gender-spesific forms quendu m. and quendi f., but they seem to be rare; pl. quendur and quendir is attested), Elda (originally generic, but later [MET] used of Elves of the Three Kindreds [Noldor, Vanyar, Teleri] only. That was at least the proper usage: Elda was the normal word for "elf" in Valinor, as all Elves there were Eldar. An archaic variant of Elda was Eldo.) ELVES OF AMAN Amanyar (sg #Amanya), ELVES WHO REFUSED TO JOIN IN THE WESTWARD MARCH (from Cuiviénen) Avari (sg Avar in WJ:371; Avar or Avaro in Etym), also called Avamanyar "those who did not go to Aman, because they would not" (distinguish Úmanyar, Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those who did not in the event reach Aman", though they did join in the march from Cuiviénen; these are also called Heceldi or Ecelli, see EGLATH). See also DARK ELVES, GREEN-ELVES, GREY-ELVES, HIGH-ELVES, LIGHT-ELVES, SEA-ELVES, LITTLE ELF. Cf. also ELVENHOME Eldamar, Elendë. ELF-PEOPLE Eldalië, ELVISH Eldarinwa (adj only; "Elvish" meaning Elvish language is simply Eldarin. Properly, these words for "Elvish" apply to the Tree Kindreds only, not to all the Quendi.) Quenderin ("Elvish" referring to all the Quendi, "Quendian"; this remained a learned word) -WJ:361/KWEN(ED), MR:229 ELED, Silm:424, AB/WJ:371/Silm:65/MR:163, WJ:363, Silm:23/392, MR:415, WJ:407

ELF-FRIEND Elendil (actually meaning *"star-friend". Tolkien notes: "It is not surprising that the Edain...found it difficult to discern whether words and names containing the element el referred to the stars or to the Elves. This is seen in the name Elendil, which was meant to bear the sense "Elf-friend". Properly in Quenya it meant 'a lover or student of the stars'... 'Elf-friend' would have been more correctly represented by Quen(den)dil or Eldandil.") -WJ:410

ELF-LOVER #Eldameldo (pl Eldameldor in WJ:417)

ELF-STONE Elessar (Aragorn's royal name, prob. *Elessard-, cf. STONE. The literal meaning is *Star-stone, not Elf-stone - but the Edain confused elen "star" and elda "elf". Cf. Elendil; see ELF-FRIEND above.) -LotR:395, 897

ELM-TREE alalmë, lalmë; LAND OF ELMS Alalminórë (Warwickshire) -ÁLAM/LT1:249, LÁLAM

EMBER yúla (smouldering wood) -YUL

EMINENT MAN aráto (champion) -Silm:428

EMIT LIGHT faina- PHAY

EMPTY lusta (void), cumna -LUS, KUM

ENCHANT luhta-; ENCHANTMENT lúcë -LUK

ENCLOSURE panda; CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE corin -PAD, KOR

END (noun) metta, mentë, tyel, tyeldë, telu; THE ENDING OF THE WORLD Ambar-metta; END (vb) tele- (intransitive) (finish - so in WJ:411 - LT1:267 gives telu-), tyel- (cease), PUT AN END TO metya- -LotR:1003, MET, LT1:267, WJ:411, KYEL

ENDLESS PERIOD oio -UT:317

ENDURANCE voronwië (lasting quality); ENDURING voronwa (long-lasting) -BORÓN

ENEMY cotumo -KOT

ENGLAND - see FAËRY.

ENOUGH farëa (sufficient) -PHAR

*ENQUIRY centa (as in Essecenta Eldarin wa, probably meaning *"Enquiry into Eldarin Names", as Tolkien described the work as an "Enquiry into the origins of Elvish names for Elves". Another possible translation of centa may be *"essay". However, the only gloss Tolkien gives of centa is "communication", q.v.) -MR:415

ENTRANCE (to harbour) londë (road [in sea], also translated "haven", q.v.)

ENVELOPE (noun) vaiya, vaia (both with alternative, possibly older [MET] forms in w-). -WAY

EXPIRE fírë- (perf. fírië ["has breathed forth"] is attested; *ifírië may be the more usual form) -MR:250

ERRANT ránen -RAN

ESCAPE (vb) usin (glossed "he escapes" in LT:251, but in mature Quenya it would have to mean, if anything, *"I escape" - 1. pers. aorist); ESCAPE (noun) uswë (issue) -LT1:251

*ESSAY see *ENQUIRY.

ESTABLISH tulca- (fix, set up. Note: there is a homonym meaning "firm, steadfast, strong, immoveable".) -LT1:270 cf. TULUK

ETERNAL oira -OY

EVENING andúnë (sunset, west), sinyë -MC:222, THIN

EVER oi, voro, vor (continually) (pref. #oio-, vor-, voro-), EVERWHITE, EVER-SNOW-WHITE Oiolossë (a name for Taniquetil; gen Oiolossëo is attested in Nam, where it has an ablatival meaning); EVERSUMMER Oiolairë, EVERLASTING oia, vorima; EVERLASTING [?AGE] (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) oirë, oialë; FOR EVER, EVERLASTINGLY oialë (evidently the noun just mentioned used as an adverb), tennoio -OY, UT:458, BOR, LT1:250/273, Nam/RGEO:67, Silm:429, UT:317

EVERY máca -GL:41

EVERYBODY ilquen; EVERYTHING ilqua -WJ:372, IL

EVIL úmëa, #ulca (isolated from henulca, see below); EVILEYED henulca; EVIL-SMELLING saura (ß) (foul, putrid) - in compounds #sauri-, see FOUL. FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED). -SD:68, 72, UGU, THUS, WJ:399

EXALTED ONES Aratar (pl; sg #Arata). The Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna, Aulë, Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also rendered "High Ones, The Supreme" -Silm 32/381, WJ:402

EXCEPT hequa (leaving aside, not counting, excluding) -WJ:364, 365

EXCLUDE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, abandon, forsake); EXCLUDING hequa (leaving aside, not counting, except) -WJ:364, 365

EXPAND palu-, palya- (spread, extend, open wide); EXPANSIVE palla (wide) -PAL

EXPIRE fírë- (originally used of "one sighing or releasing a deep breath", but also used of Míriel when she "breathed forth" and died; later used of the death of mortals. Perf. fírië is attested; *ifírië with prefix sundóma is probably also a possible form.) -MR:250

EXTEND palu-, palya- (spread, expand, open wide); EXTENDED taina (lengthened); EXTENSION tailë (lengthening) -PAL, TAY

EYE hen (hend-) (normal pl. hendi as well as the dual form #hendu are attested [isolated from hendumaica, WJ:337]; #hendu would be used of a natural pair of eyes). SHARP-EYE hendumaica, EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy) Helinyetillë -KHEN-D-E, WJ:337, LT1:262

EYRIE sornion (ß) (lit. gen.pl "of eagles"?). -LT1:266. (LT1:251 gives ëaren, but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya [see EAGLE])

<F>

FACE anta -ANA

FADE sinta- (ß) (pa.t. sintanë is given, though it seems perfectly regular), fir- (die), fifíru- ("slowly fade away", frequentative form of fir-; the participal form fifírula is attested); FADING quellë (In the Calendar of Imladris, quellë was a precisely defined period of 54 days in late autumn. Also called lasselanta; see AUTUMN.) -THIN, MC:222/223, LotR:1141

FAËRY Inwilis, Inwinórë (another gloss, "England", was struck out) -LT1:256

FAINT néca (vague, dim to see) -MC:222/223

FAIR vanima (beautiful, proper, right), vanë, melima, linda (beautiful); FAIR FOLK Vanimo (pl. Vanimor is given but seems perfectly regular; the word is said to apply to the "children of the Valar"). FAIR-MINDED faila (generous, just) -BAN, LT1:272, MEL, SLIN, PM:352

FAITHFUL voronda, vórima (steadfast) -UT:317, LT1:250

FALL (vb) lanta- (pres. pl. lantar, pl. past lantaner and part. #lantala are attested); FALL (noun) lanta or #lantë. (The first of these words occurs in the compound lasselanta "leaf-fall, Autumn", while #lantë is isolated from Noldolantë "the Fall of the Noldor". From these examples it appears that a lanta is a physical fall, while a lantë is a moral fall. Perhaps the latter word can also be applied to a military defeat, as in "the fall of Gondolin".) THE FALLEN (= Númenor) Atalantë -DAT/DANT/MC:222, Nam, SD:246, LT1:254, Silm:102/414, TALÁT

FALLOW marya (fawn, pale), malwa (pale) -MAD, SMAL

FAMILIAR moina (dear) -MOY

FAMILY nossë (clan, "house"), nórë, -nor (land, country, dwelling-place, nation, native land) -NÔ, LT1:272

FANE yána (holy place, sanctuary) -YAN

FANG carca (tooth, tusk) -Silm:429, LT2:344

FAR haira, eccaira, avahaira; FAR AWAY (adj) vahaia, FAR AWAY, FAR OFF (adv.) háya; FAR AND WIDE palan; FAR-SEER palantir, "FAR-WANDERER" (the name of a ship) Palarran -KHAYA, SD:247, Silm:435, TIR, UT:460

FAREWELL namárië -Nam

FARMER nandor (perhaps obsolete in mature Quenya, clashing with the name of the Nandor.) -LT1:261

FASTEN tacë (3. pers. sg. aorist), pa.t. tancë. -TAK

FAT tiuca (thick); GROW FAT tiuya- (swell) -TIW

FATE umbar (umbart-) (doom; the form amarto in LT2:348 is no doubt obsolete, but ambar from the same source may be a valid word also in mature Quenya - see DOOM), marto (fortune, lot); manar, mandë (doom, final end, fortune [usually = final bliss]); FATED marta -MBARAT/LotR:1157, MANAD

FATHER atar (pl. atári in Silm, though Etym has atari). FATHER OF ALL Ilúvatar (God) -Silm:428, 229/ATA/LT1:255, Silm:404/UT:446

FATHOM rangwë -RAK

FAWN marya (fallow, pale) -MAD

FAY OF THE COUNTRY nandin (dryad), FAY OF THE MEADS Nermi (pl. Nermir is attested) (field-spirit) -LT1:261, 262

FËANOR Fëanáro (Spirit of Fire) -Silm:397/435, MR:217

FEAR (noun) caurë; FEAR (vb) - rucin is glossed "I feel fear or horror", constructed with "from" of the object feared (e.g. *rucin Orcollon "I fear Orcs") -LT1:257, WJ:415

FEAST meren (merend-), merendë (festival); FESTIVE merya -MBER

FEATHER quessë -KWES, LotR:1157

FEBRUARY Nénimë (Amillion in LT1:249 is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144

FEEL FEAR OR HORROR rucin (1. pers. aorist), constructed with "from" of the object feared. -WJ:415

FELL (adj) aica (sharp, terrible, dire). -PM:347

FELL (noun) helma (skin) -SKEL

FEMALE (noun) ní, FEMALE (adj.) inya, inimeitë (pl. probably *inimeisi; cf. HANDED, LEAPING, WINDY) -INI

FENCED FIELD peler, FENCING OR DEFENSIVE HEIGHTS Pelóri -PEL(ES), WJ:403

FESTIVAL asar (Vanyarin athar) (fixed time), meren (merend-), merendë (feast); FESTIVE merya -WJ:399, MBER

FETCH tulta- (send for, summon) -TUL

FEY marta (fated) -MBARAT

FIELD-SPIRIT Nermi (pl. Nermir is attested) (fay of the meads) -LT1:262

FIERY uruitë, úruva (The stem from which these words are derived was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from this stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it. LT1:248 also gives sára "fiery", but this word is probably obsoleted by sára "bitter" in Etym.) -UR

FIGHT mahta- (wield a weapon) -MAK

FILL quat- (fut #quantuva is attested in enquantuva, "will refill") -WJ:392, Nam; cf. KWAT

FINAL tyelima, métima (ultimate, last); FINAL END mande, manar (fortune, bliss, fate), telda (last) -MC:222 cf. 215, MANAD, WJ:411

FINARFIN Arafinwë -MR:230

FIND #hir- (only fut hiruva is attested), #tuv- (only perf #utúvië is attested [with pronominal endings: utúvienyes "I have found it"]). It is difficult to say what distintion in meaning there may be between these words (if any at all); the verb #tuv- is evidently the same as tuvu- in GL:71, there glossed "receive". -Nam/RGEO:67, LotR:1008

FINE tereva (acute, piercing) -TER

FINE RAIN rossë (dew, spray) -ROS cf. Letters:282

FINGER lepsë; FINGERED #l epta (isolated from raccalepta "clawfingered") -LEP, SD:68, 72

FINGON Findecáno -PM:345

FINISH (vb) tele- (intransitive) (end) (so in WJ:411 - LT1:267 gives telu-) telya- (transitive) (wind up, conclude). Cf. also telma "conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair", "often applied to the last item in a structure, such as a coping-stone, or a topmost pinnacle." FINISH (noun) telu -WJ:411, LT1:267

FINROD Findaráto -Silm:428/PM:346

FIRE úr (the stem from which this word is derived was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from this stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it. But a more usual word for "fire" is apparently nár, nárë, which appear [with the masculine ending -o] in the following names:) SPIRIT OF FIRE Fëanáro (Fëanor), FELL FIRE Aicanáro (Sharp Flame, Aegnor) (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanár). LT1:265 has sá "fire", poetic form sai, also sairin "fiery"; cf. also Sáya "the fire-fay" in GL:66. LT:271 has the following "fire"-words: FIRE uru, FIERY uruvoitë, ON FIRE urwa, LIKE FIRE urúva. Cf. also FIREWOOD turu (but the word was also used of wood in general). BOWL OF FIRE tanyasalpë (evindently #tanya "fire" + #salpë "bowl") -UR, Silm:397, MR:217, LT1:265, 270, 271, 292

FIRM tulca (strong, immovable, steadfast; Note: there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish"), tulunca (steady), sanda (true, abiding), tanca (fixed, sure) -TULUK, LT1:270, STAN, TAK

FIRST minya (cf. Minyar "Firsts", the first clan among the Elves), inga, *yesta; FIRSTBORN (= the Elves) Minnónar. (*Yesta is corrected from the actual reading esta; see BEGINNING. For FIRSTBORN, Etym has Estanessi, which would similarly become *Yestanessi, but this word is propably obsoleted by the later [TLT] form Minnónar. Writers should use the latter word.) FIRST-BEGOTTEN Minyon (a personal name. The element yon, translated "begotten", may be a reduced form of yondo "son". Alternatively, and perhaps more likely, Minyon may be the adjective minya "first" turned into a masculine name by adding the masculine ending -on. In that case, the literal meaning is simply *"First One". But it is possible that on is actually derived from the stem ONO "beget", and that "First-begotten" really is the literal meaning.) -MIN/Silm:434/WJ:420, ING, ESE, WJ:403

FISH lingwë (perhaps the general word, as opposed to hala), SMALL FISH hala, "FISH-WATCHER" (i.e., kingsfisher, a bird) halatir (halatirn-) or halatirno -LIW, SKAL2, TIR

FIST quárë (often used to mean "hand"). (In compounds -quar: Telperinquar = Sindarin Celebrimbor, "Silver-Fist, Hand of Silver". The first version of the stem KWAR yielded quár pl. quari.) -KWAR, Silm:429/387

FIT mára (useful, good) -MAG

FIVE lempë -LEP/GL:53

FIX panya- (set), tulca- (establish, set up. Note: there is a homonym meaning "firm, steadfast, strong, immoveable"); FIXED tanca (sure, firm); BE FIXED mar- (abide, be settled). FIXED TIME asar (-th-, Vanyarin athar) (festival), FIXED IDEA see IDEA -PAN, LT1:270 cf. TULUK, TAK, UT:317, WJ:399

FLAG ambal (shaped stone) -MBAL

FLAME nár, nárë, velca; SHARP-FLAME Aicanáro (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanár), (Aegnor, Fell Fire), RED FLAME rúnya; HEART OF FLAME Naira (a name of the Sun), FLAME-COLOURED culina, culda (golden-red) -NAR1, LT1:260, Silm:437, MR:198, KUL

FLAT lára -DAL

FLEECE uë -LT1:249

FLESH hrávë, sarco; FLESHY sarqua -MR:349, LT2:347

FLINTHEARTED sincahonda -LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72

?FLINTSTONE #sinca (isolated from sincahonda "flinthearted") -LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72

FLOAT lutu- (LT1:273 has wili- "sail, float, fly", but see FLY.) -LT1:249

FLOOD (tide), celumë (stream, flow, flowing), ulundë, lúto; FLOODING (adj) úlëa (flowing, pouring) -ULU, KEL/MC:223, LT1:249

FLOOR talan (pl talami) (ground); PAVED FLOOR paca (court) -TAL, GL:63

FLOUR porë (meal) -POR

FLOURISH (noun) rincë (quick shake) -RIK

FLOW (vb) sir-, lutta-, lutu-; FLOW, FLOWING (noun) celumë (stream, flood); FLOWING (adj) úlëa (flooding, pouring), sírima (liquid). -SIR, LT1:249, KEL/MC:223, LT1:265

FLOWER (large and single) lótë (often -lot in compounds). (The word lótë is

usually applied to a large, single flower. From *ambalotsë "uprising-flower" [q.v.] #lotsë can be isolated; this may be the more general word for "flower".) FLOWER OF THE WEST (a floral design) Númellóte. Cf. also indil, "lily, or other large single flower". PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (corrected from the actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) (sprout) -LOT(H), LT1:259, WJ:318, UT:227, 458, WJ:399, LT:258

FLUTE simpa, simpina (pipe); FLUTER timpinen -LT1:266, 268

FLUTTERING TO AND FRO wilwa -MC:223

FLY wilin ("I fly", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t. willë (cf. wili- "sail, float, fly" in LT1:273). FLY OR STREAM IN THE WIND hlapu- (part. hlápula is attested), FLYING rimpa (rushing); SEND FLYING horta- -WIL, MC:223, RIP, KHOR

FOAM (vb) falasta- (part. falastala is attested); FOAM (noun) fallë, winga (spray), wingë (wingi-) (crest [of wave], spindrift). -MC:222/223, PHAL, WIG, LT1:273

FOG hísë (mist. Note: a homonym means "dusk"), hiswë, hui (murk, dark, night) -KHIS, LT1:253

FOIL (plant) asëa (ß) -LotR:899

FOLIAGE olassië (collection of leaves) -Letters:282

FOLK hos -LT2:340

FOLLOW hilya- FOLLOWER neuro; FOLLOWERS (an Elvish name of Men) Hildor, Hildi (unattested sg #Hildo; dative pl hildin is attested; cf also Hildinyar "my heirs" in Aragorn's oath) -KHIL/Silm:116/122/403, FS/WJ:387, LotR:1003, 1004

FOOD (cooked) apsa -AP

FOOT tál (tal-) (These forms probably obsolete tala pl talwi in LT2:347.) FOOTPRINT runya (slot) -TAL, RUN

FOR an (Nam: an sí...Varda...máryat...ortanë, "for now...Varda...has uplifted her hands". Note: an is also glossed "to, till".) English "for" meaning "for the benefit of" will often be rendered by the dative ending -n (pl -in); e.g. nin "for me". -Nam

FORBID váquet- (refuse, say no) (1. pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given) avaquet- (refuse) (pa.t. is no doubt *avaquentë; cf. quet- under SAY) -WJ:370, KWET

#FORD tarna (This gloss is isolated from Taruktarna "Oxford", q.v. Tolkien glossed tarna as "crossing, passage") -LT1:347

?FOREIGN (Tolkien's handwriting was illegible) ettelen -ET

FORESIGHT *apacen (lit. *"after-sight", a vision of something that will come after the present. In MR:216, apacenyë is translated "foresight"; yet the context and the form of the word itself clearly indicates that it is actually the pl. form of an adjective #apacenya "of foresight". The noun "foresight" is almost certainly *apacen; cf. tercen "insight".) -MR:216

FOREST taurë ([great] wood) (pl. tauri is attested), tauno, málos (the two latter may not be valid words in mature Quenya) -TAWAR/Silm:438/MC:222 cf 215, LT2:342, LT1:267

FORGE - LT1:250 gives tamin, but this word is probably obsoleted by tamin "I tap" in Etym.

FORM car- (make, q.v.) -WJ:391

FORMER, THE yara (that); FORMER DAYS yárë; FORMER TIMES yalúmë; FORMERLY yá (ago), BELONGING TO OR DESCENDING FROM FORMER TIMES yára (ancient) -YA

FORSAKE hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, leave out, exclude, abandon); FORSAKEN ELVES see EGLATH. ONE LOST OR FORSAKEN BY FRIENDS hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (waif, outcast, outlaw) -WJ:365

FORT arta (fortress) (Note: arta also means "across, athwart") -GARAT (see 3AR)

FORTH et- (prefix) (out) -ET

FORTRESS arta (fort) (Note: arta also means "across, athwart") -GARAT (see 3AR)

FORTUNE (good) alma (weal, wealth); mandë, manar (final end, doom, fate); heren (governance, what is in store for one or what one has in store); marto (fate, lot); FORTUNATE herenya (wealthy, blessed, rich) -GALA, MAN/MANAD, KHER, LT2:348

FOUL saura (ß) (evil-smelling, putrid); in compounds sauri- as in FOULBELLIED sauricumba -THUS, SD:68, 72

FOUNDATION talma (base, root) -TAL

FOUNTAIN ehtelë (issue of water, spring).The actual readng in LT1 and LT2 is ektelë, but Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya. The new form of the word is attested in Silm. LT also gives the form kektelë, that would likewise become *cehtelë.) -LT1:257, LT2:338

FOUR canta, (prefix:) can- -KANÁT

FOX rusco -PM:353

FREE mirima (of a person, as opposed to the following:) latin, latina (open, cleared [of land]). (A word fairë "free" is mentioned in LT1:250, but may be obsolete: several other meanings are attributed to this word in later writings [see DEATH, PHANTOM, RADIANCE]. However, fairië "freedom" does not clash with later words.) FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED) -LAT, MIS, WJ:399

FREEZE niquë- ("it is cold, it freezes"). LT1:254 gives hilcin "it freezes", but in mature Quenya this will have to mean, if anything, "I freeze" (1. pers. aorist). -WJ:417, LT1:254

FREQUENT rimba -RIM

FRESH venya, wenya (yellow-green, green); FRESHNESS vén, wén (youth, greenness) -GWEN

FRESHLET celussë (water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring) -UT:426

FRIEND málo, meldo (pl meldor is attested), nildo (m.), nildë (f.), sermo, seron (m.), sermë (f.), -ser (final element in compounds), -(n)dil (final element in compounds, e.g. Elendil, Anardil, Valandil - sometimes translated "lover" rather than "friend". When the first part of the compound ends in l, n, or r, the n of -ndil is left out). FRIENDLY nilda (lovely), FRIENDSHIP nilmë -MEL, WJ:412, NIL, SER, Letters:386

FROM ho - English "from" will often be rendered by the ablative case, endings -llo, pl -llon or -llor, dual -lto, e.g. Eärello *"from the Sea". -3O, LotR:1003

FROST nixë, ringwë (rime), FROST-PATTERNS niquis, niquessë (the latter by association with quessë "feather") -WJ:417, LT1:265

FROZEN halcin -LT1:254

FRUIT yávë (so in Etym and Silm:439; LT1:273 has yáva). BEAR FRUIT yavin (which must mean *"I bear fruit", stem #yav-. Tolkien often employs the 1. person aorist when mentioning a verb in his wordlists.) -YAB, LT1:273

FULL quanta; FULLY aqua (completely, altogether, wholly); FULL STOP (in Tengwar punctuation - probably the symbol :) pusta (stop) -KWAT, WJ:392, PUS

FUNGUS hwan (pl hwandi) (sponge) -SWAD

<G>

GALADRIEL Altáriel (Altariell-; gen. Altariello is attested. Altáriel is the form used in Noldorin Quenya, Galadriel's own mother-tongue; the Telerin form is Alatáriel [UT:266]. According to PM:347 [that gives Altariel with no long á] the true Quenya equivalent of the Telerin form would have been Ñaltariel, but this form was apparently not used.) -Silm:433, RGEO:66

GAME tyalië (sport, play) -TYAL/LT1:260

GANDALF Olórin (his name in Valinor, derived from a stem meaning "dream" - not an actual translation of "Gandalf", meaning "Elf of the Wand", a name he was given by people who did not know that he was actually a Maia.) -LotR:391, UT:396 cf. 391

GAOL #mando (isolated from Angamando "Iron-Gaol"; mando is also defined as "safe keeping"). -MR:350

GAP fásë (gulf) -GL:36

GARLAND ría (wreathe); MAIDEN CROWNED WITH A FESTIVAL GARLAND riellë -PM:347

GASH cirissë (slash), hyatsë (cleft) -KIRIS, SYAD

GATE ando; GREAT GATE andon (pl andondi). (LT1:264 has osto "the gates of the Sun" and Ostor "East", but in mature Quenya osto means "town".) -AD, LotR:1157, LT1:264

GATHER hosta- (collect, assemble); GATHERING (of three or more coming from different directions) yomenië (meeting) -MC:223, WJ:407

GENEROUS faila (fair-minded, just) -PM:352

GENTLE moica (soft), GENTLE BREEZE vílë -GL:58, LT1:273

GET LOW (of the Sun) númeta-, númenda- -LT1:263

GERM erdë (seed. Note: a homonym means "person".) -ERÉD

GESTURE-CODE hwermë -WJ:395

GIANT norsa (ß) (see also MONSTER) -NOROTH

GIFT anna; GIVE anta- (present); GIVER antë (f), anto (m) (the latter word from Etym is probably obsoleted by anto "mouth" in LotR:1157 - an alternative word for "[male] giver" might be *antaro). LAND OF GIFT (a name of Númenor) Andor (haplology of Annandor), DEAR GIFT (the meaning of Melian's name) Melyanna -ANA, LotR:1157, Silm:313, 434

GIMILZÔR Telemnar -UT:223

GIMLET teret (auger) -LT1:255

GIRDLE #lesta (isolated from #Lestanórë; see DORIATH. #Lesta is the cognate of Sindarin lest as in Lest [or List] Melian "the Girdle of Melian" [WJ:228]. Note: #lesta also means "measure".) -WJ:369, Silm:390

GIRL wen (pl. wendi) (maid) -LT1:271

GIVE anta- -ANA

GIVE BIRTH nosta- (but in later sources, nost a- is glossed "beget") -LT1:272

GIVEN (OR ADDED) NAME anessë (pl anessi is attested. This word encompasses both "after-names" and "mother-names".) -MR:217

GLAMHOTH Sancossi (see GOBLIN) -LT2:341

GLASS hyellë; LITTLE GLASS lipil. Cf. also vírin, "a magic glassy substance of great lucency used in fashioning the Moon" -KHYEL, LT1:258, LT2:339

GLAURUNG see GLORUND

GLEAM (WHITE) ilca- (part. ilcala is attested) -MC:223

GLINT (vb) tinë (pres 3. pers sg); GLINT (noun) tindë, wintil; GLINTING tinda (silver) -TIN, LT1:261

GLITTER mirilya-; GLITTERING rilya (brilliance); GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; GLITTERING REFLECTION nalta (radiance - alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) -MBIRIL, RIL, PM:347

GLOBE coron; GLOBED corna (round) -KOR

GLOOM ungwë, lumbë (shadow); GLOOMY morna (black, dark, sombre), huinë (darkness, shadow), lómë (night, twilight, darkness, dusk), yaru; CHILD OF GLOOM lómëar (probably not a valid word in mature Quenya) -UÑG, LUM, GL:37, LT1:255, Silm:431

GLORIOUS alcarinqua (radiant) (The shorter form alcarin is attested as a title of king Atanatar II. Cf. also Alcarinquë, a name of Jupiter.) -AKLA-R-, WJ:412, RGEO:73/LotR:1075, Silm:55

GLORUND, GLORUNN Laurundo, Undolaurë (Tolkien later changed Glorund to Glaurung. Read *Laurungo, *Ungolaurë in Quenya?) -LT2:341

GLORY alcar, alcarë (splendour, brilliance) -AKLA-R-/RGEO:73/ UT:317/WJ:369/Silm:427

GNOME (only = wise one, Noldo) Noldo (spelt Ngoldo in tengwar writing, reflecting the earlier pronounciation); pl. Noldor is attested. GNOMISH (general adjective:) Noldorinwa, (Gnomish language:) Noldorin, GNOME-LAND Noldomar -LT1:262, Silm:61, LotR:1157

GO lelya- or linna- (pa.t. lendë in both cases) (proceed, travel); vanya- (pa.t. vannë) (depart, disappear), GO ROUND pel- (revolve, return); GO ATHWART tara- (cross); GO AWAY auta- (leave, pass); pa.t. oantë, oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another place]", vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" - less "physical" than oantë, rather meaning to be lost or to disappear), also anwë (this pa.t. was "only found in archaic language"), perf. avánië (pl avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in verse. GONE vanwa (departed, vanished, dead, lost, past and over, no longer to be had) BE GONE! heca! - also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand aside!) -WJ:363, LED, PEL, LT2:347, WAN, Nam, WJ:364, 366

GOAT - she-goat: nyéni -LT1:262

GOBLET súlo, fion -SUG (see SUK), LT1:253

GOBLIN (Orc) urco (pl urqui) or orco (pl. orqui or orcor); THE GOBLINS Sancossi (sancë "hateful" + hossi "armies", said to be the Quenya equivalent of Sindarin Glamhoth) -ÓROK, LT2:202/MR:74/WJ:390, LT2:341

GOD Eru ("The One, He that is Alone", a proper name that can hardly be used as a common noun meaning "god" in general. Eru obsoletes Enu in LT2:343), Ilúvatar "Father of All", Ainatar *"Holy-Father" (titles of God), PAGAN GOD ainu, PAGAN GODDESS aini (angelic spirit, holy one). (As Christopher Tolkien notes, the Ainur are of course not "pagan" to the people of Middle-earth. In Etym and Silm, Ainu/Aini is capitalized.) -Silm:15/396/431, LT1:248 cf. AYAN and Silm:426

GOLD (the metal) malta (so in LotR - Etym has malda [stem SMAL], but cf. smalta mentioned under LAWAR); GOLD laurë (= "not the metal but the colour, what we should call golden light", Letters:308, "of light and colour, not of the metal", Silm:433, "not a metallic word. It was applied to those things which we often call 'golden' though they do not much resemble metallic gold: golden light, especially sunlight", RGEO:70, "a word for golden light or colour, never used for the metal", PM:353, "light of the golden Tree Laurelin", LR:368; a "mystic name" of gold, LT1:255 [no doubt an obsolete notion]; in LT1:258 and LT2:341 the gloss is simply "gold".) RED GOLD +cullo (obsoleting culu in LT2:341? In LT1:255 culu is said to be a poetic word for "gold", but also used mythically as a name of all red and yellow metals), GOLDEN laurëa (pl laurië is attested; LT1:258 has laurina), GOLDEN-RED culda, culina (flame-coloured); (cf. Silm. Appendix: "cul- 'golden-red' in Culúrien") -LotR:1157/SMAL, Letters:308/RGEO:70/LAWAR, KUL, RGEO:70/Nam, Silm:429

GONDOLIN Ondolindë ("Stone Song", so in Silm:149, 415; LT1:254 gives Ondolinda, changed from Ondolin) -LT1:254

GONE vanwa (departed, lost, past) -WAN, Nam

GONG tombo -LT1:269

GOOD (of things) mára (fit , useful), GOOD (morally good) manë; GOODBYE mára mesta -MAG (see MA3), LT1:260, Arct

GOODS armar (sg #arma if there is a sg) -3AR

GOOSE ván, wán (pl. váni is given, but seems perfectly regular) -WA-N-

GORE nasta (spearhead, point, triangle), nehtë (spearhead, narrow promontory, wedge), mear (from a root possibly meaning "ooze") -SNAS, UT:282, LT1:260

GORGE cilya (pass between hills, cleft) (so in Etym, but cf. #cirya in the name Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen. Calaciryo in Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya "ship". An early version of Namárië actually had Calacilyo, not Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5) -KIL

GORTHAUR Sauron (ß) -Silm:418 cf. THUS

GOTHMOG Cosomot (prob. *Cosomoc-, cf the alternative form Cosomoco) -LT1:258

GOVERN turin ("I...govern", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t. turnë (wield, control). LT1:273 has vard- "rule, govern", but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya. -TUR

GOVERNANCE heren (fortune) -KHER

GOVERNOR cáno (see COMMANDER), (governor, chieftain, commander) -PM:345

GRADE #tyellë (only pl tyeller is attested - note irregular plural instead of the expected form **tyelli) -LotR:1153

GRAMMAR tengwesta (system or code of signs) -TEK cf. WJ:394

GRANDCHILD indyo (descendant) (Indyo looks like Vanyarin Quenya; the combination ndy became ny in Noldorin Quenya [see MIDDLE]. The Noldor likely used the form *inyo.) -ÑGYO(N)

GRANT lav- (yield, allow) -DAB

GRASP mapa- (seize) This word was struck out in one of Tolkien's earlier word-lists, but in Etym it was restored. -MAP, LT2:339

GRASS salquë, (stiff and dry:) sara (ß) (bent) -SALAK, STAR

GREAT velicë (possibly obsolete in mature Quenya: In LT1:254 velicë is said to correspond to Gnomish beleg, but according to LR:352 the stem from which beleg is derived is "not found in Q[uenya]"). GREAT (in size) alta (large) (The form alat- is used in compounds when the next word has an initial vowel, as in Alatairë. Tolkien's gloss of alta, alat- was actually illegible, and I give the root meaning of the stem ÁLAT. The meaning of the Quenya word cannot differ too widely from it, for Alatairë is said to correspond to "Noldorin" Belegoer [mature Sindarin Belegaer], The Great Sea.) -LT1:254, ÁLAT cf. BEL, cf. Silm:428

GREAT BEAR see SICKLE OF THE VALAR.

GREAT LONGING mavoinë -LT2:345

GREAT NUMBER - in a very great number: úvëa (abundance) -UB

GREAT QUANTITY úvë (abundance) -UB

GREAT WOOD taurë (forest) -TAWAR

GREED milmë; GREEDY milca -MIL-IK

GREEN laiqu a (so in Etym - Letters:282 has laica, meaning something wholly different ["keen, piercing"] in LT2:337), ezel, ezella (adopted from Valarin; only used in Vanyarin Quenya), GREEN-ELVES Laiquendi (probably a haplology of *Laiquaquendi, this word was not much used according to WJ), wenya (yellow-green, fresh); GREENNESS wén, laiquassë (freshness, youth) -LÁYAK/LT1:267, WJ:399, GWEN, WJ:385, LT1:267

GREY #mista (isolated from lassemista "leaf-grey"), hiswa, sinda (ß) (WJ has sindë "pale or silvery grey", but sinda is given in Silm:438 and the words sindanoriello "from a grey land", Sindacollo "Grey-cloak" and Sindar "Grey-Elves, *Grey Ones" all point to sinda as the Quenya word for "grey".) GREY-ELVES Sindar (ß) (sg. Sinda), less commonly Sindeldi (sg Sindel); GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo, Singollo (ß) (so in Silm:421; MR:217 has Sindicollo); GREY-ELVEN sindarinwa (adj), Sindarin (= Grey-Elven language) (ß) -LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, KHIS, LotR:1171, Silm:438, THIN/WJ:384, Nam, Silm:419, WJ:384, LotR:1157, 1161

GRIEF nyérë (sorrow). Pl. probably *nyérer not *nyéri; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste" pl. tyáver. The noun nyérë points to a verbal stem *nyer- "grieve". -GL:60/LT1:261

GROT (small) rotto (tunnel) -PM:365

GROUND talan (pl talami) (floor) -TALAM

GROW FAT tiuya- -TIW

GROWL (vb) yarra- (snarl), (of dogs:) núru- (grumble); GROWL (noun) nur (complaint) -MC:223, LT1:263

GRUMBLE (vb) nurru- (murmur), núru- (growl [of dogs]). (These may simply be two forms of the same word. Nurru- is by far the later [TLT] form.) GRUMBLING (adj) nurrua -MC:223, LT1:263

GUARD - use the word glossed "watch, heed", q.v. Cf. LT1:258. For "guard" as a noun, #tirno "watcher" may be isolated from halatirno (see FISHWATCHER)

GUESS (vb) intya-; GUESS (noun) intya (supposition, idea)

GULF yáwë (cleft, ravine), fásë (gap) -YAG, GL:36

GULL maiwë -MIW

GYRATE hwinya- (eddy, swirl) -SWIN

<H>

HABIT haimë -KHIM

HABITATION imbar (Imbar was an Elvish name of the Earth as the prinicipal part of Arda; the form Ambar may be more usual and is found in LotR.) -MR:337, WJ:419, 402, LotR:1003

HAIL aiya (so in LotR; LT1:248 has áyë) -LotR:747, 950 cf. Letters:385

HAIR loxë; TANGLED HAIR fassë; LOCK OF HAIR findë (defined as "a tress or plait of hair" in PM:345; LT2:341 has findl, an impossible form in mature Quenya), HEAD OF HAIR, A PERSON'S HAIR AS A WHOLE findessë -LOKH, PHAS, SPIN, PM:345

HALF-ELVEN (noun, pl) Pereldar (Sindarin Peredhil, LotR:1071) -Letters:386

HALL #mardë (isolated from oromardi "lofty halls, high-halls"); ROCKHEWN HALL hróta- (artificial cave, rockhewn hall) -Nam/RGEO:66, PM:365

HALLOW aitita- -Vinyar Tengwar #32 p. 7

HALVE perya- (devide in middle) (After perya, a word perina is mentioned - it is undefined but must be the corresponding past participle, *"halved, divided in middle".) -PER

HAMMER (vb) namba-; HAMMER (noun) namba -NDAM

HAMS hacca (buttocks) -GL:47

HAND má (pl. allative mannar "into...hands" is attested; the long á evidently becomes short a before a consonant cluster), quárë (the latter is properly "fist", but was often used for "hand" - see FIST); HOLLOW OF HAND cambë; HAVING HANDS mavoitë; HANDY, HANDED maitë (skilled) (pl. maisi. When maitë is the final element of names, it is translated "handed" instead of "handy", e.g. Angamaitë "Iron-handed", morimaitë "blackhanded") -MA3/LT2:339, FS, KWAR/Silm:429, KAB, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425, LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, UT:460

HANDLE mahta- -MA3

HANG linga- (dangle) -LING

HAPPEN - LT2:348 gives mart- "it happens" (impersonal). Perhaps read *marta- in mature Quenya, though that would clash with marta "fey, fated".

HAPPY valin (LT1:272 also gives valimo, but adjectives ending in -o do not occur in mature Quenya), HAPPINESS vald- (so in LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either *val or *valdë) (blessedness) -LT1:272

HARBOUR hópa (haven, bay - obsoleting cópa, cópas in LT1:257); HARBOURAGE hopassë -KHOP

HARD nauca (ill-shapen, twisted, *small - see SMALL.) -WJ:413

HARE lapattë -GL:52

HARP (vb) nanda-; HARP (noun) nandë; LITTLE HARP nandellë; HARPING (noun, not adjectival participle) nandelë; HARPER nandaro, HARP-PLAYER tyalangan. (In Etym, all but the last of these words are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) HARP-PLAYING salmë. -NGAN, TYAL; cf. LotR:1157, LT1:265

HARSH naraca (rending, violent) -NÁRAK

HARVEST yávië (autumn) - evidently obsoleting yávan in LT1:273. In the Calendar

of Imladris, yávië was a precisely defined period of 52 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition. Note: yávië probably refers to harvest time only, not "harvest" in the sense "harvested products", though it is derived from a stem meaning "fruit". -LotR:1142, 1145

HASP tangwa (clasp) -TAK

HASTE ormë (wrath, violence, rushing); HASTY orna, tyelca (agile) -GOR, KHOR, PM:353

HAT táta -GL:71

HATE (vb) tevë- (aorist form); LT1:258 has mokir "I hate", read *mocin in mature Quenya? HATEFUL sancë; HATRED tevië, tevin -LT1:268, LT2:341

HAVE - see POSSESS. Cf also NO LONGER TO BE HAD vanwa (gone, dead, departed, lost, past, vanished) -WJ:366

HAVEN hópa (harbour, bay) londë (as in Alqualondë "Haven of the Swans", UT:417 - but elsewhere londë is glossed "entrance to harbour, road in sea") -KHOP

?HAWK fion (pl fioni, fiondi) (Tolkien's gloss was "not certainly legible; the likeliest interpretation would be 'haste', but 'hawk' is a possibility." The translation "haste" is out of the question, as this word would have no plural form. Besides, a quite different word for "haste" [ormë] is known.) -PHI

HE pronominal ending -ro + lengthening of the previous vowel, e.g. antaváro he will give (so in LR:63, probably *antuváro in mature Quenya). There is also the ending -s, that covers the entire 3. person sg: "he, she, it". It is uncertain what the independent word for "he, even he" might be. LR:63 has e, a word that appears in Sindarin as well (SD:129). Does it also cover "she, it"? Cf. HIM, HIS.

HEAD cár (cas-), nóla (round head, knoll); HEAD OF HAIR findessë (see HAIR). -KAS, NDOL, PM:345

HEAL #envinyata- (isolated from the past participle envinyanta "healed". The literal meanings are *"renew" and "renewed", cf. Aragorn's title Envinyatar "Renewer" [q.v.]) -MR:405

HEAR #hlar- (only fut hlaruva is attested) -MC:222

HEARING (adj) lasta (listening) -LAS2

HEART hón (physical heart), órë (inner mind - concerning this word, see SPIRIT) (Note: a homonym means "rising"), indo (mind, mood), elwen; -HEARTED #honda (isolated from sincahonda "flinthearted"). EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy) Helinyetillë HEART OF FLAME Naira (a name of the Sun), -KHÔ-N-, LotR:1157, ID, LT1:255, LotR:1015 cf. SD:68, 72, LT1:262, MR:198

HEAT úrë (The stem from which this word must be derived was struck out in Etym, but the word occurs in LotR itself, indicating that Tolkien restored the stem in question.) SMOULDERING HEAT, RED [?HEAT] (Tolkies handwriting was illegible) yulmë (Note: a homonym means "drinking, carousal") -LotR:1157 cf. UR; YUL

HEAVE #amorta- (only part. amortala is attested), HEAVE (of large and heavy things:) rúma- (shift, move) (part. rúmala is attested) -MC:222 cf. 215, MC:223, 222

HEAVENS, THE menel (a sg word, "heaven", as opposed to its English translation), ilwë (sky). -Silm:434/MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:255

HEAVY lunga -LUG

HEDGE (jagged hedge of spikes) caraxë -KARAK

HEED tirin ("I watch", *"I heed", 1. pers. aorist), pa.t. tirnë; fut. tiruva "shall heed" is attested; also cim-. -MC:222 cf. 214, TIR, GL:39

HEIGHT #tárië (only allative tárienna "to the height" is attested) -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308

HEIR aryon (also haryon is glossed as "heir", but this gloss is paranthetic and "prince" is given as the primary meaning. Hildinyar is translated "my heirs" in Aragorn's oath; it appears that this is actually a form of hildo "follower".) -GAR (see 3AR), LotR:1003, 1004

HELL Angamando ("Iron-prison", Morgoth's dungeon-fortress in the First Age. This is the form given in MR; Etym has Angamanda, LT1:249/252 has Angamandu/Angamandi or Eremandu "Hells of Iron". In LT1:259, Mandos is glossed "hell", but Mandos was simply the halls of the dead and not a place of torture. GL:51 also has fatanyu.) -MR:350, MBAD

HELMET cassa -KAS

HEM ríma (edge, border), HEM OF ROBE lappa -RÎ, GL:52

HER 1. (object form of she) - the ending -s (also covering "it, *him". Utúvienyes [LotR:1008] is translated "I have found it", but it could probably mean "I have found her/him" as well.) Case endings may be attached to se, e.g. dative *sen "for her". 2. HER (genitive, = of her) -rya (possessive suffix, e.g. aratarya "her sublimity" [WJ:369], máryat "her hands" [Nam].) This ending covers the entire 3. pers sg and also means "his" and *"its".) -WJ:369

HERO callo (noble man). LT1:268 also has mordo "warrior, hero", but in mature Quenya mordo means "obscurity, shadow, stain". -KAL

HEW *pelehta- (corrected from the actual reading pelekta-, since Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) -LT2:346

HIDE #nurta- (verbal stem isolated from the verbal noun nurtalë "hiding" in Silm:120), #lom- (LT1:255 gives lomir "I hide"; this would become *lomin in mature Quenya), moru- -LT1:261

HIDING nurtalë -Silm:120

HIDDEN muina (secret), halda (veiled, shadowed, shady), foina, furin/hurin (concealed); DARK OR HIDDEN tumna (low-lying, low, profound, deep) -MUY, SKAL, LT2:340, LT1:271

HIDEOUS CREATURE ulundo (deformed creature, monster) -ÚLUG

HIGH tára (lofty, tall), oro- (in compounds: oromardi "high-halls"). The element #Ar- in Arfanyarassë (a name of Taniquetil) is said to mean "high (i.e., noble, revered)". Cf. also tar- in tarquesta "high speech". -WJ:417, Nam/RGEO:66, WJ:416, TÂ

HIGH ELVES Tarquendi; HIGH-ELVES Tareldar -TA, MC:349

HIGH ONES Aratar (sg #Arata, cf. PM:363). The Aratar are the mightiest of the Valar: Manwë, Varda, Ulmo, Yavanna, Aulë, Mandos, Nienna, and Oromë. Aratar is also rendered "The Supreme, Exalted Ones". -Silm 32/381, WJ:402

HIGH SPEECH (= Quenya) Tarquesta -TÂ

HILL #ambo (only allative pl. ambonnar is attested); tundo (mound), oro; ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen (boss of shield) -HILL-SIDE amban (upward slope) (probably obsoleting amun(d) in LT2:335) -MC:222, LT1:269, TUN, LT1:256, AM

HIM - probably the ending -s (also covering "it, *her". Utúvienyes [LotR:1008] is translated "I have found it", but it could probably mean "I have found him/her" as well.) Case endings may be attached to so, e.g. dative *son "for him"

HINDMOST tella (last); THE HINDMOST Teleri (the Last-comers) -TELES, Silm:421

HIS -rya (possessive suffix, e.g. coarya his house. This ending covers the entire 3. pers sg and also means "her" and *"its".) -WJ:369

HISTORY nyárë (tale, saga), quenta, quentalë (account), lúmequentalë, lúmequenta (chronological account); HISTORICAL lúmequentalëa -NAR2 , KWET, LU

HIVE nierwes -LT1:262

HOARD foa (treasure) -LT2:340

HOLE latta (pit - Note: a homonym means "strap"), assa (perforation, opening, mouth) -DAT, GAS

HOLLOW (noun) unquë, HOLLOW (adj) unqua, ronta, rotwa; HOLLOW OUT unca--UNUK, LotR:1157, LT2:347

HOLLOWBOLD Návarot (Nogrod, Novrod) -WJ:389

HOLLY ercassë (probably obsoleting piosenna in LT2:347) -ERÉK

HOLY aina, airë; HOLY ONE ainu (m.), aini (f.) (angelic spirit, god); HOLY PLACE yána (fane, sanctuary) -AYAN/WJ:399, Nam, YAN

HOLYDAY meryalë -MBER

HOME már (also used of the "home" or native land of peoples). Short form mar as the final element of compounds: Eldamar "Elvenhome"; the vowel is also short in Mar-nu-falmar, "the Land [lit. Home] under the Waves". -Silm:408, 428

HOMESTEAD osta -LT2:336

HONEY lis (liss-) (LT1:262 gives nektë, read *nehtë in mature Quenya.) HONEY-BEE nier, nion -LIS, LT1:262/GL:60

HOOD telmë (covering) -TEL

HOOK ampa, atsa (claw, catch); HOOKED rempa (crooked) -LotR:1157, GAT, REP

HOPE (noun) estel -WJ:318 (where it is stated that this word was used in Quenya as well as in Sindarin. Here the word is defined as "'hope', sc. a temper of mind, steady, fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose". In MR:320, estel is translated "trust".)

HORDE horma (host) -LT2:341

HORN rassë ("especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains". Cf. Rasmund "horned bull" in Letters:423 [this may not be pure Quenya] and Arfanyaras, Arfanyarassë "high white-shining peak [*horn]", alternative name of Taniquetil), romba (so in Etym and one place in WJ [p. 400: romba = "horn, trumpet"] but on p. 368 róma is used for "horn", though this is glossed "trumpet-sound" in Etym), HORN OF ULMO hyalma (shell, conch), tildë (point), (horn of animal:) tarca (probably obsoleting taru in LT2); HORNED tarucca (perhaps obsoleted together with taru), THE HORNED Tilion (a name of the Moon) -RAS, WJ:403/416, ROM/WJ:401 contrast 368, SYAL, TIL, TARÁK, LT2:337,347, Silm:438

HORROR - rucin is glossed "I feel fear or horror" (1. pers. aorist), constructed with "from" of the object feared (e.g. *rucin Orcollon "I fear Orcs") -WJ:415

HORSE rocco (defined as "swift horse for riding" in Letters:382), mairo; HORSEMAN roquen (rider, knight) -ROK/Letters:282, 382, GL:56, WJ:372/UT:282

HOST rimbë (crowd), horma (horde) -RIM/Letters:178, 382, LT2:341

HOSTILE cotya -KOT

HOT saiwa; BLAZING HOT úrin (Úrin is also a name of the Sun) -LT1:248/265, LT1:271

HOUND huan (hún-); HOUND OF CHASE ronyo -KHUG (see KHUGAN), ROY

HOUR lúmë (so translated in LotR; in Etym the gloss is simply "time". Allative lúmenna is attested. Note: lúmë also means "darkness".) -LU, LotR:94, WJ:367

HOUSE coa (prob. the most neutral word), opelë (walled house), car (card-) (building), nossë (clan, family, kin, people) (LT2:336 gives indo "house" and os(t) "house and cottage"; these words are probably obsolete - in mature Quenya indo means "heart", while osto means "city". Also indor "master of house" must be obsolete.) LIGHT OF THE HOUSE coacalina (a metaphor for the soul [fëa] dwelling inside the body [hroa]) -WJ:369/MR:250, PEL(ES), KAR, NÔ/LT1:250, 343, MR:250

HOW manen -PM:395

HUMAN firya (lit. *"mortal"; nominal pl. Firyar is attested) -PHIR, WJ:219

HUMBLED nucumna -SD:246

HUMP tumpo; HUMPBACK cauco, HUMPED cauca (bent, crooked) -TUMPU, LT1:257

HUNT (noun), HUNTING raimë (No verb "to hunt" is given in Etym, but roita- "pursue" is derived from the same stem and can probably be translated *"hunt" as well. LT1:260 has rauta- "hunt".) -ROY1

HUSBAND verno; HUSBAND AND WIFE veru (married pair) -BES

HUSH quildë (rest, quiet) -GL:23

<I>

I (1. pers. sg) inyë (independent pronoun, used for emphasis: *"even I"), -n or -nyë (endings used on verbs, e.g. ávan, ványë "I [-n/-nyë] will not", maruvan "I [-n] will abide"). The long form -nye must be used if another pronominal ending is to be added after it: utúvienyes, "I [-nye-] have found it [-s]". In the "Arctic" sentence, ni is translated "I"; this may be a shorter (non-emphatic?) form of inyë. The dative pronoun nin "for me" is transparently ni + the dative ending -n; other case endings may also be added to ni. -LR:61, WJ:371, LotR:1008/1003, Arct

ICE helcë; ICE-COLD helca (so in LT1:254 and Silm; Etym has helc, evidently a misprint - it would be the only Quenya word ending in -lc in the entire corpus.) -LT1:254/Silm:433/KHEL

DEA intya (guess, supposition), *selma (ß) ("a fixed idea, will". In WJ:319, the word is given as Selma, but S (th) would become s in Noldorin Quenya. Cf. Sindë, sindë in WJ:384; see GREY) -INK, WJ:319

IDOL cordon -LT1:257

IDRIL Itaril, Itarillë, Itarildë (obsoleting Irildë in LT2:343) -PM:346/Silm:436

IF ANYBODY aiquen (whoever) -WJ:372

ILL laiwa (sick, sickly) -SLIW

ILL-SHAPEN nauca (hard, twisted, *small - see SMALL.) -WJ:413

ILLUMINATE calya- -KAL

IMAGINATION nausë (ß) -NOWO

IMMORTAL ilfirin -PHIR

IMMOVEABLE tulca (firm, strong, steadfast; Note: there is a homonym meaning "fix, set up, establish") -TULUK cf. LT1:270

IMPLEMENT (prob. noun) yaima -GL:37

IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOUNT únyárima ("sc. because all the facts are not known, or the tale is too long"), IMPOSSIBLE TO SAY/PUT INTO WORDS úquétima (unpronounceable, unspeakable) -WJ:370

IMPULSE hórë; IMPULSION hórëa -KHOR

IN mi (within), IN THE mí (for *mi i?) (The version of Nam in LotR has mi where the version in RGEO:66 has the more correct form mí.) -MI, Nam, RGEO:66

IN A VERY GREAT NUMBER úvëa (abundant) -UB

INCARNATE (noun) #mirroanwë (only pl. mirroanwi "incarnates" is attested) -MR:350

INCITEMENT siulë -SIW

INCLINE (noun) talta -TALÁT

INCLINED penda (sloping down) -PEN

INDICATE tana- (show) (Note: tana also means "that". INDICATION tengwë (sign, token, writing - pl tengwi is attested) -MR:385, WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK

INLANDS Mittalmar (the central region of Númenor) -UT:165, 454

INNER MIND órë (heart) (Note: a homonym means "rising") -LotR:1157

INSIDE, TO THE mir, minna (into) -MI

INSIGHT tercen; OF INSIGHT, lit *INSIGHTFUL #tercenya (only pl tercenyë is attested) -MR:230

INTELLECT handelë; INTELLIGENCE handassë; INTELLIGENT handa (understanding) -KHAN

INTERIOR (adj) mitya -MI

INVENT auta- (devise, originate) (Note: a homonym means "pass"); INVENTION aulë -GAWA

INZILADÛN Palantir -UT:223, Silm:324

IRELAND Íverind- (As indicated by the hyphen, some ending is needed - a Quenya word cannot end in nd. The normal nominative form must be *Íverin, becoming Íverind(e)- before an ending, e.g. genitive *Íverindo, locative *Íverindessë [cf. Lórien, locative Lóriendessë]. The name is also given as Íwerin or Iverindor, "an island off the west coast of Tol Eressëa" - Eressëa later becoming England in this early version of Tolkien's mythology.) -LT2:344, cf 285

IRON anga, IRON or STEEL erë, eren; OF IRON angaina; IRON-HANDED Angamaitë; IRON-GAOL Angamando (Angband) -ANGÂ/LotR:1157, LT1:252, LT1:249, 268, Letters:425 cf. LotR:1085, MR:350

ÍRITH Irissë -PM:345

IS see BE

ISLAND, ISLE lóna, tol (pl tollë according to Etym, tolli in LT1:85. According to Silm:438, tol is used of islands "rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river". LT1:269 defines a tol as "any rise standing alone in water, plain of green, etc.") THE LONELY ISLE Tol Eressëa (tol "isle" often being omitted) -LONO, TOL, RGEO:70

ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen (boss of shield) -LT1:269

ISOLATED TOWER mindo -MINI

ISOLATED TREE ornë -ÓR-NI- (see ORO)

ISSUE uswë (escape) -LT1:251

ISSUE OF WATER ehtelë (fountain, spring) -KEL

ISTHMUS yanwë (bridge, joining) -YAT

IT ta (that), -s (pronom inal ending, e.g. utúvienyes, "I have found [utúvienye-] it [-s]") It is uncertain what the independent word "it, even it" might be; see HE. *ITS -rya (possessive suffix, only attested with the meanings "his" and "her" [q.v.], but related forms suggest that this ending covers the entire 3. pers. sg.) -TA, LotR:1008, WJ:369

<J>

JACKET vacco (cloak) -GL:21

JAIL see GAOL

JANUARY Narvinyë (In LT1:252, the word for January is avestalis, and the latter part of the month is called Erintion, but these words are hardly valid in mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144

JAW anca (translated "jaws" in the appendices to LotR and Silm, but anca is sg and is glossed "jaw" in Etym. GL:37 has cá [spelt "kâ"]) -LotR:1157, Silm:427, ÁNAK

JERK (vb) rihta- (give quick twist or move) -RIK(H)

JEWEL mírë (pl. míri is attested); SHINING JEWEL miril (treasure, precious thing) WITH ADORNMENT OF RED JEWELS carnimírië (a pl form? Sg *carnimírëa? Letters:224 has carne- instead of carni-.) JEWEL OF YAVANNA yavannamírë (a flagrant evergreen tree with scarlet fruit, brought to Númenor by the Eldar) -MIR/Silm:434, Nam, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, UT:472

JOINING (noun) yanwë (isthmus, bridge) -YAT

JOY alassë (merriment) -GALÁS

JUDGE Námo (Ordainer - the name of a Vala. In MR:150, though, Námo is glossed JUDGEMENT [of what is]). Note: a homonym námo means "person". -Silm:411

JUICE sáva, pirya (syrup) -SAB, PIS

JULY Cermië -LotR:1144

JUNE Nárië -LotR:1144

JUPITER Alcarinquë (Basic Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55. According to LT1:260, Morwen (there translated "daughter of the dark") is a name of Jupiter, but this may not be a valid word in mature Quenya. LT1:265 also mentions Silindo as a name of this planet.

JUST faila (fair-minded, generous) -PM:352

<K>

KEEN laicë (sharp, acute, *piercing); KEENNESS (of perception) laicë (acuteness) -LAIK

KEEPING (safe) mando (custody) -MR:350

KHAZAD-DÛM Casarrondo (Dwarrowvault) -WJ:389

KIN nossë (house , people) -LT1:250, 272/LT2:338

KIND nostalë (species) -LT1:272

KINDLE tinta- (cause to sparkle), turu-, tunda- (Note: there is a homonym meaning "tall") -Silm:438, LT1:270

KING aran (pl arani is attested) In Etym, the Quenya word for "king, chieftain" is haran pl. harni, but evidence from LotR, WJ and UT shows that Tolkien changed it to aran pl arani. Cf. asëa aranion (ß) "kingsfoil", i arani Eldaron "the Kings of the Eldar", Arandor "kingsland", aranya *"my king", arandil "king's friend, royalist", and arandur "king's servant, minister".) LT1:273 has vardar "king", but this is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya. KINGLY BULL Aramund (this may not be pure Quenya) -3AR, LotR:899, WJ:369, UT:165, 193, 313, Letters:386, 423

KINGSFISHER halatirno, or halatir (halatirn-) (lit. "fishwatcher") -SKAL2, TIR

KNIGHT roquen (rider, horseman) -UT:282 cf. WJ:372

KNOB tolos (lump) -LT1:269

KNOCK (keep on knocking) tamba- -TAM

KNOLL nóla -NDOL

KNOT narda, nútë (bond). Pl. probably *núter not *núti; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver. -SNAR, NU

KNOW ista (pa.t. sintë); KNOW ABOUT hanya- (understand, be skilled in dealing with), KNOWLEDGE handë (understanding), ista, istya, issë (lore), nólë (long study, lore, wisdom). (In Etym this word is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) HAVING KNOWLEDGE istima (wise, learned) -IS/LT2:339; KHAN, ÑGOL, Silm:432

K-SERIES calmatéma -LotR:1154

<L>

LABIALS parmatéma (p-series); LABIALIZED SERIES quessetéma -LotR:1154

LABERNUM Lindeloktë (singing cluster). (So in LT1:258, but Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya. Read *Lindelohtë?) -LT1:258

LABOUR (vb) móta- (toil) -MÔ

LADY heri -KHER, LT1:272 (GL:45 has quimellë)

LAKE ailin (pool) (LT2:339 also has ailo); ringë (cold lake, pool [in mountains]) (Note: ringë is also an adjective meaning "cold") -AY/LT2:339, RINGI

LAMENT (vb) naina-, nyéna-; LAMENT (noun) nainië, nairë -NAY, LT1:262, RGEO:66

LAMP calma (light) -KAL/LotR:1157

LAND nórë (dwelling-place, race, country, region where certain people live, nation, native land, family), nór (meaning '"'land' as opposed to water or sea", WJ:413). In compounds #-ndor (when the first part of the compound end in a vowel, e.g. Valandor "Vala-land", alternative form of Valinor), or -nor, -dor (the latter can only occur when the first part of the compound ends in -l, -r, or -n; in other combinations d cannot occur in Noldorin Quenya). Cf. also lóna (remote land difficult to reach, island. Note: a homonym means "dark"); WESTLAND Númenor, Númenórë (Westernesse); LAND OF GIFT (a name of Númenor) Andor (< *Annandor, see GIFT), LAND OF THE WEST Númendor -NDOR/NÔ/Silm:430/ WJ:413, LONO, Silm:414, 313, 430

LANGUAGE quetil (tongue), lambë (tongue. The latter was "the usual word, in non-technical use, for 'language'." (WJ:394) Only the Loremasters used the technical term tengwesta "system or code of signs" instead; this word is also glossed "grammar".) LANGUAGE (as an abstract, the ability to speak or the "art" of making speech) tengwestië. LANGUAGE OF THE VALAR Lambë Valarinwa (lit. *"Valarin language"), LANGUAGE OF THE ELDAR Eldarissa (the latter may not be a valid word in mature Quenya) -KWET, WJ:394, 397, LT2:339

LARCH finë -SPIN

LARGE alta, alat- (great in size) (Tolkien's definition of this word was actually illegible, but see GREAT), úvëa (very large, abundant, in a very great number), úra -ÁLAT, UB, UR

LARK lirulin (prob. *lirulind-, cf. lindo "singing bird") -MR:238/252, LIN2

LAST tella (hindmost), telda (final), métima (final, ultimate), telwa (late), LAST YEAR yenya; LAST DAY OF YEAR quantien, THE LAST-COMERS Teleri (the Hindmost) -TELES, WJ:411, MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:267, YEN, Silm:421

LASTING QUALITY voronwië (endurance) -BORÓN

LATE telwa (last) -LT1:267

LAUGH lala- (Note: a homonym means "deny".) -PM:359 cf. 343

LAW sanyë (ß) (rule), axan (rule, commandment); LAW-ABIDING sanya (ß) (normal, regular) -STAN, WJ:399

LAWN palis (sward) -LT1:264

LAY lirilla (song) -LT1:258

LEAD (the metal) canu, LEADEN canuva -LT1:268

LEAF lassë (pl. lassi is attested); HAVING MANY LEAVES lillassëa (pl lillassië is attested); COLLECTION OF LEAVES olassië (foliage); PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (corrected from the actual reading lokta because Tolkien later decided that kt became ht in Quenya) (sprout). LEAF-SHAPED lassecanta; LEAF-FALL lasselanta (autumn or the beginning of winter; see also FADING); LEAF-GREY lassemista -LAS1, Nam, LT1:254, MC:222, 223, Letters:282, LT1:258, KAT, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224

LEAGUE lár (basic meaning "pause" - in marches a brief halt was made for each league). A lár was defined as five thousand rangar; see YARD. A ranga was approximately 38 inches, so a lár was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches [ca. 4826 m], supposing the equivalence to be exact" - close enough to our league of 5280 yards to justify this translation. -UT:285

LEANING talta (sloping, tilted) -TALÁT

LEAP halta-; LEAPING haloitë (pl. haloisi is attested) -LT1:254

LEARNED istima (wise, having knowledge), nóla (wise). (In Etym, the latter word is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf. also the spelling of the related word nólë in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) LEARNED MAN istyar (scholar) -IS, ÑGOL

LEAVE (vb) auta- (go away, pass), pa.t. oantë, oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another place]") or vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" - less "physical" than oantë, meaning "disappeared" rather than "went away"), perf. avánië (pl avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in verse. For "leave", Etym also has lesta, pa.t. lendë; this is also the past tense of "go". The stem from which lesta- is derived was "replaced" by another. Lesta has a wholly different meaning in later writings; see GIRDLE, MEASURE. LEAVE OUT hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, exclude, abandon, forsake) -WJ:366, ELED

LEAVE (noun) - with leave of: lenémë (+ genitive)

LEFT hyarya; LEFT-HANDED hyarmaitë

LEG telco (pl. telqui) (stem) -TELÉK

LEGENDARIUM OF THE FATHERS OF MEN Atanatárion (lit. simply "of the Fathers of Men") -MR:373

LEGOLAS Laiqualassë -LT1:267

LEMBAS coimas (life-bread) (prob. coimast-, cf. masta "bread") (life-bread) -Silm:406/429

LENGTHENED taina (extended); LENGTHENING tailë (extension) -TAY

-LESS -viltë, -valta (evidently a suffix used to derive adjectives like "homeless" = *marviltë?) -GL:23

LESSEN píca (part. #pícala is attested) (dwindle) -MC:223, 222

LETTER tengwa (pl. tengwar is attested; this word was used primarily of the Fëanorian letters. However, the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" occurring in LotR:1151 seems to indicate that the word tengwa can indeed be used of a letter of any kind, not only the Fëanorian letters. In non-technical use tengwa may also be translated "consonant" [q.v.]. It is uncertain whether tengwa "letter" can be used in the sense mail, text sent in the post; the primary meaning is clearly "character, a single symbol in writing".) sarat (pl. sarati is attested) - an older [MET] word Tolkien notes was used of "a 'letter' or any individual significant mark", used of the Rúmilian letters after the invention of the Fëanorian Tengwar (but cf. the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" mentioned above). -TEK, WJ:396, LotR:1151

LICK salpa- (sup, sip), lavin ("I lick", 1. pers. aorist; past tense #lávë is attested in the word undulávë "downlicked" in Nam); LICK (frequentatively) lapsa- -SÁLAP cf. LT1:266, DAB/Nam

LIE (noun, = untruth) furu -GL:36

LIE (vb, not "tell a lie" but "lie [horisontally]") caita-; LIE HEAVY lumna- (Note: this is also an adjective meaning "lying heavy") -Nam/RGEO:67, DUB

LIFE cuilë (being alive; obsoleting coi, coirë in LT1:257; the latter means "stirring, spring" in mature Quenya); NEW LIFE laito, laisi (vigour, youth), LIFE-BREAD coimas (prob. coimast[a]-, cf. masta "bread") (lembas) -KUY, LT1:267, Silm:406/429

LIFT UP orta- (raise, rise; pa.t. ortanë is attested) -Nam/ORO/RGEO:67

LIGHT cálë, cala; A LIGHT calina (which is basically the adjective "light", but it is used substantively in coacalina; see LIGHT OF THE HOUSE under HOUSE), calma (lamp), LIGHT (adj) calina; RAY OF LIGHT alca; GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; STARLIGHT or LIGHT OF SILPION (Telperion) silmë (+silver), MOONLIGHT isilmë; EMIT LIGHT faina-; LIGHT-ELVES, ELVES OF THE LIGHT Calaquendi; LIGHT-CLEFT Calacirya (gen. Calaciryo is attested) -KAL, MR:250, AKLA-R, RIL, SIL/LotR:1157, MC:223, PHAY, WJ:361/Silm:61, RGEO:70/Nam

LIKE (prep) ve (as) -Nam/RGEO:66, 67

LILY indil ("or other large single flower"), nénu (= yellow water lily) -WJ:399, LT1:248

LINE OF SURF falassë (beach, shore) -Silm:431

LINDI Lindi (What the Nandorin Elves called themselves; the word could be adopted unchanged into Exilic Quenya. Sg #Lindë?) -WJ:385

LINDIL Sindarin form of LINDI, q.v. -WJ:385

LINDON Lindon, Lindónë -WJ:385

LINE tië (path, direction, course, way, road), tëa (straight line, road), téma (row, series) (pl. témar is attested in LotR:1153) -TE3/RGEO:67, TEÑ

LIP cíla (The normal plural would be a dual form: *cílat.) -GL:24

LION rá (pl rávi) (so in Etym; LT1:260 has rau, but pl rávi is the same.) SHE-LION ravennë -RAW, LT1:260

LIQUID (adj) sírima (flowing) -LT1:265

LISTEN lár-, lasta-; LISTENING (adj) lasta (hearing) -LAS2

LITTLE titta (tiny). LITTLE ELF Teler, Telellë (adj. telerëa, telella) -TIT, LT1:267

LO! ela (look! see!) (directing sight to an actually visible object) -WJ:362 cf. 360

LOAF cornë -LT1:257

LOATH yelta-; LOATHING yelma; LOATHSOME yelwa -DYEL

LOCK OF HAIR findë (tress), fassë (shaggy lock, tangled hair) -SPIN

LOFTY tára (tall, high) (According to Letters:282, Varda means "Lofty" [WJ:402 has "the Sublime"], but this word should probably not be used as a common adjective.) LOFTY TOWER see TOWER. -TÂ/Silm:437/LT1:264

LOGDRAWING turuhalmë -LT1:270

LONELY eressëa; LONELY ISLE Tol Eressëa (tol "isle" often being omitted) -ERE, RGEO:70

LONG (adj) anda, sóra (trailing); LONG AND THIN lenwa (straight, narrow); LONG (adverb, of time:) andavë; LONG YEAR (144 solar years, an Elvish "century") yén (pl. yéni is attested) LONG-MARK andatehta -ÁNAD, LT2:344, 341, LotR:989, Nam/LotR:1141/YEN, TEK

LONG FOR milya-; GREAT LONGING mavoinë -MIL-IK, LT2:345

LONG-LASTING voronwa (enduring) -BORÓN

LOOK AT yéta-; LOOK! (interj) en (there, look! yonder) LOOK! ela (lo! see!) (directing sight to an actually visible object) -LT1:262, EN, WJ:362 cf. 360

LOOM (noun) lanwa, windelë -LAN, LT1:254

LOOSE leuca-, lehta- (slacken) (Note: leuca is also a noun meaning "snake".

Anyway, leuca- in Etym is likely a misreading for *lenca-. The certain form lehta- is to be preferred.) -LEK

LORD heru, hér, as final part of compounds: #her, e.g. Ostoher *"City-Lord". LORDSHIP hérë; LORD OF TREES Aldaron (a name of Oromë) -LT1:272, Silm:432, Letters:282, LotR:1122, Silm:32, 378

LORE nólë (long study, wisdom, knowledge), +ingolë (deep lore, magic [in WJ:382, the gloss is simply "lore", and the word is not stated to be poetic]), issë; SECRET LORE nolwë (wisdom). (These forms obsolete nólemë in LT1:263. In some sources, nólë and nolwë are spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf. also the spelling of the related word nólë in Silm:432. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) LOREMASTER ingolmo (In Lambengolmor "Loremasters of Tongues" the initial i of ingolmo [pl ingolmor] has disappeared; perhaps #ngolmo is the form used in compounds when the first part of the compound ends in a vowel.) -ÑGOL, LT2:339, WJ:382, WJ:383/396

LOST vanwa (gone, departed, vanished, past and over, no longer to be had, dead); ONE LOST OR FORSAKEN BY FRIENDS hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (waif, outcast, outlaw) -WAN, Nam, WJ:366, 365

LOT marto (fortune, fate) -LT2:348

LOUD SOUND róma (trumpet-sound) (Note: róma also means "shoulder".) MUSICAL SOUND lin (lind-) (melody) -ROM, LotR:488 cf. Letters:308

LOVE (vb, love as friend) mel-; LOVE (noun) melmë (LT1:262 has meles, melessë); LOVELY melwa, LOVING nilda (friendly); BELOVED melda (dear), LOVER meldo (pl meldor is attested), melindo (m.), melissë (f.); LOVEABLE melima (fair), írima (desireable) -MEL, LT1:262, WJ:412, NIL, ID

LOW, LOWLYING tumna (deep, profound, dark or hidden); LOWER AIR vilma (earlier [MET] wilma), Aiwenor (lit. "Birdland") -TUB cf. LT1:271, WIL, AIWÊ

LOWER (vb) luvu- (brood); DARK LOWERING CLOUD lumbo (pl. lumbor is attested). -LT1:259

LUCK valto (LT2:348 gives mart "a piece of luck", but word-final rt does not occur in mature Quenya. Read *martë or something similar?) -LT1:272, LT2:348

LUMP tolos (knob) -LT1:269

LUST mailë; LUSTFUL mailëa -MIL-IK

LYING HEAVY lumna (heavy, burdensome, oppressive, ominous) (Note: lumna is also a verb meaning "lie heavy"); LYING IN BED caila (sickness) -DUB, KAY

LYRE salma -LT1:265

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MAEDHROS Nelyafinwë (meaning "Finwë third", not equivalent in sense to Sindarin Maedhros. The short form of the name was Nelyo. His mother-name [q.v.], "recorded....though never used in narrative", was Maitimo "well-shaped one". He also had a nickname Russandol "copper-top") -PM:352, 353

MAGIC +ingolë (deep lore). In LT1:269, curu is glossed "magic, wizardry", but in Etym the gloss is simply "skill". MAGIC (adj.) sairina -ÑGOL, GL:72

MAGLOR Canafinwë, short form Cáno (not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is the cognate of his "mother-name" Macalaurë, "recorded...though never used in narrative"). -PM:352, 353

MAID, MAIDEN wendë, vendë (the latter is probably the later [MET] form), also short form wen pl. wendi (girl). In compounds -wen, e.g. Nerwen "Man-maiden" (prob. *-wend-) MAIDENHOOD wendelë -WEN, LT1:271/273/Silm:439

MAKE carin ("I make, build", 1. pers. aorist. The same verb is translated "form" in WJ:391: i carir quettar, "those who form words". According to Etym the past tense is carnë, but both FS and SD:246 have cárë. Past participle #carna *"made" is attested in Vincarna *"newly-made" in MR:305.) MAKING carmë (glossed "art" in UT:396 and is also translated "production", but cf. the following:) NAME-MAKING Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in which the father of a child announces its name.) -KAR, WJ:391, MR:214

MALE (noun) hanu (male of Men/Elves or animals); MALE (adj) hanwa -3AN, INI

MAN nér (ner-) (#ner as the final element in compounds, as in vëaner and úner, see below), vëo (-wë as final element in compounds); (ADULT) MAN vëaner; MANLY vëa (adult, vigorous); MANHOOD vië (vigour); MAN-SPEARHEAD (a wedge-formation of soldiers) nernehta, NOMAN úner (All these word